Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 May 2;60(5):758. doi: 10.3390/medicina60050758.
The increase in practices related to enhancing penile size can be attributed to the belief that an improved genital appearance contributes to a man's virility, coupled with an altered self-perception of his body. It is crucial to tailor interventions to meet the genuine needs of patients by thoroughly assessing their history, psychological state, and potential surgical benefits, all while considering the associated risks of complications. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence on outcomes, complications, and quality of life after penile augmentation surgery, examining both minimally invasive and more radical techniques. A search of the PubMed and Scopus databases, focusing on English-language papers published in the last 15 years, was performed in December 2023. Papers discussing surgery in animal models and case reports were excluded from the present study unless further evaluated in a follow-up case series. The primary outcomes were changes in penile dimensions, specifically in terms of length and girth, as well as the incidence of surgical complications and the impact on quality of life. A total of 1670 articles were retrieved from the search and 46 were included for analysis. Procedures for penile length perceived enhancements include lipoplasty, skin reconstruction plasty, V-Y and Z plasty, flap reconstruction, scrotoplasty, ventral phalloplasty, and suspensory ligament release; techniques for increasing corporal penile length include penile disassembly, total phalloplasty, and sliding elongation. Finally, penile girth enhancement may be performed using soft tissue fillers, grafting procedures, biodegradable scaffolds, and Penuma. In conclusion, while penile augmentation surgeries offer potential solutions for individuals concerned about genital size, the risks and complexities need to be accounted for.
阴茎增大相关实践的增加可归因于以下信念，即改善生殖器外观有助于男性的生育能力，并改变其对自身身体的认知。通过彻底评估患者的病史、心理状态和潜在的手术获益，同时考虑到并发症的相关风险，为满足患者的真正需求而量身定制干预措施至关重要。本系统评价旨在总结阴茎增大手术后的结局、并发症和生活质量的现有证据，同时研究了微创和更激进的技术。于 2023 年 12 月在 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了英语文献搜索，重点关注过去 15 年发表的文献。本研究排除了仅在动物模型和病例报告中讨论手术的文献，除非在后续病例系列中进一步评估，否则这些文献将不被纳入。主要结局是阴茎尺寸的变化，特别是长度和周长的变化，以及手术并发症的发生率和对生活质量的影响。从搜索中检索到 1670 篇文章，其中 46 篇被纳入分析。用于增强阴茎长度感知的手术程序包括脂肪抽吸术、皮肤重建整形术、V-Y 和 Z 成形术、皮瓣重建术、阴囊成形术、阴茎腹侧成形术和悬韧带松解术；用于增加阴茎体长度的技术包括阴茎解剖术、全阴茎成形术和滑动延长术。最后，可使用软组织填充物、移植手术、可生物降解支架和 Penuma 来增加阴茎周长。总之，虽然阴茎增大手术为关注生殖器大小的个体提供了潜在的解决方案，但需要考虑到风险和复杂性。
