Maccaro Alessia, Stokes Katy, Statham Laura, He Lucas, Williams Arthur, Pecchia Leandro, Piaggio Davide
Applied Biomedical Signal Processing Intelligent eHealth Lab, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
J Pers Med. 2024 Apr 23;14(5):443. doi: 10.3390/jpm14050443.
The use of AI in healthcare has sparked much debate among philosophers, ethicists, regulators and policymakers who raised concerns about the implications of such technologies. The presented scoping review captures the progression of the ethical and legal debate and the proposed ethical frameworks available concerning the use of AI-based medical technologies, capturing key themes across a wide range of medical contexts. The ethical dimensions are synthesised in order to produce a coherent ethical framework for AI-based medical technologies, highlighting how transparency, accountability, confidentiality, autonomy, trust and fairness are the top six recurrent ethical issues. The literature also highlighted how it is essential to increase ethical awareness through interdisciplinary research, such that researchers, AI developers and regulators have the necessary education/competence or networks and tools to ensure proper consideration of ethical matters in the conception and design of new AI technologies and their norms. Interdisciplinarity throughout research, regulation and implementation will help ensure AI-based medical devices are ethical, clinically effective and safe. Achieving these goals will facilitate successful translation of AI into healthcare systems, which currently is lagging behind other sectors, to ensure timely achievement of health benefits to patients and the public.
人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用在哲学家、伦理学家、监管机构和政策制定者中引发了诸多争论，他们对这类技术的影响表示担忧。所呈现的范围综述涵盖了伦理和法律辩论的进展以及关于使用基于人工智能的医疗技术的现有伦理框架提议，涵盖了广泛医疗背景下的关键主题。对伦理维度进行了综合，以生成一个适用于基于人工智能的医疗技术的连贯伦理框架，突出透明度、问责制、保密性、自主性、信任和公平性是反复出现的六大伦理问题。文献还强调了通过跨学科研究提高伦理意识的重要性，以便研究人员、人工智能开发者和监管机构具备必要的教育/能力或网络及工具，确保在新人工智能技术及其规范的概念和设计中适当考虑伦理问题。贯穿研究、监管和实施过程的跨学科性将有助于确保基于人工智能的医疗设备符合伦理、临床有效且安全。实现这些目标将促进人工智能在医疗保健系统中的成功转化，目前该领域在这方面落后于其他行业，以确保及时为患者和公众带来健康益处。
