De Togni Giulia, Erikainen S, Chan S, Cunningham-Burley S
The University of Edinburgh; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences; Usher Institute; Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society, 23 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9LN United Kingdom.
University of Aberdeen, School of Social Science; Department of Sociology, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX United Kingdom.
AI Soc. 2023 Apr 22;39(4):1-10. doi: 10.1007/s00146-023-01659-4.
AI and robotic technologies attract much hype, including utopian and dystopian future visions of technologically driven provision in the health and care sectors. Based on 30 interviews with scientists, clinicians and other stakeholders in the UK, Europe, USA, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper interrogates how those engaged in developing and using AI and robotic applications in health and care characterize their future promise, potential and challenges. We explore the ways in which these professionals articulate and navigate a range of high and low expectations, and promissory and cautionary future visions, around AI and robotic technologies. We argue that, through these articulations and navigations, they construct their own perceptions of socially and ethically 'acceptable futures' framed by an 'ethics of expectations.' This imbues the envisioned futures with a normative character, articulated in relation to the present context. We build on existing work in the sociology of expectations, aiming to contribute towards better understanding of how technoscientific expectations are navigated and managed by professionals. This is particularly timely since the COVID-19 pandemic gave further momentum to these technologies.
人工智能和机器人技术引发了诸多炒作，包括对健康和护理领域技术驱动服务的乌托邦和反乌托邦式的未来设想。基于对英国、欧洲、美国、澳大利亚和新西兰的科学家、临床医生及其他利益相关者的30次访谈，本文探讨了那些在健康和护理领域开发及使用人工智能和机器人应用的人员如何描述其未来的前景、潜力和挑战。我们探究了这些专业人士围绕人工智能和机器人技术阐述并应对一系列高低不同期望以及充满希望和警示的未来愿景的方式。我们认为，通过这些阐述和应对，他们构建了自己对于由“期望伦理”所构建的社会和伦理层面“可接受未来”的认知。这赋予了所设想的未来一种规范性特征，并结合当前背景进行了阐述。我们以期望社会学的现有研究为基础，旨在推动对专业人士如何应对和管理技术科学期望的更好理解。鉴于新冠疫情为这些技术带来了进一步的发展动力，这一点尤为及时。
