Baran Edyta, Hynowski Mariusz, Kotwica Łukasz, Rogowski Jacek
Research and Development Center, Branch Leszcze, Atlas sp. z o.o., Leszcze 15, 28-400 Pińczów, Poland.
Department of Building Materials Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 May 15;17(10):2374. doi: 10.3390/ma17102374.
Over the last 20 years, flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) has become a valuable and widely used substitute for a natural raw material to produce plasters, mortars, and many other construction products. The essential advantages of FGD gypsum include its high purity and stability, which allow for better technical parameters compared to natural gypsum, and, until recently, its low price and easy availability. This FGD gypsum is obtained in the process of desulfurization of flue gases and waste gases in power plants, thermal power plants, refineries, etc., using fossil fuels such as coal or oil. The gradual reduction in energy production from fossil raw materials implemented by European Union countries until its complete cessation in 2049 in favor of renewable energy sources significantly affects the availability of synthetic gypsum, and forces producers of mortars and other construction products to look for new solutions. The gypsum content in commonly used light plaster mortars is usually from 50 to 60% by mass. This work presents the results of tests on mortars wherein the authors reduced the amount of gypsum to 30%, and, to meet the strength requirements specified in the EN 13279-1:2008 standard, added Portland cement in the amount of 6-12% by mass. Such a significant reduction in the content of synthetic gypsum will reduce this raw material's consumption, thus extending its availability and developing other solutions. The study presented the test results on strength, density, porosity, pore size distribution, and changes in the microstructure of mortars during up to 180 days of maturation in conditions of increased relative humidity. The results show that decreased porosity and increased mechanical strength occur due to the densification of the microstructure caused by the formation of hydration products, such as C-S-H, ettringite, and thaumasite.
在过去20年里，烟气脱硫石膏（FGD石膏）已成为一种有价值且被广泛使用的天然原材料替代品，用于生产石膏灰泥、砂浆和许多其他建筑产品。FGD石膏的主要优点包括其高纯度和稳定性，与天然石膏相比，这使其具有更好的技术参数，并且直到最近，其价格低廉且易于获取。这种FGD石膏是在发电厂、热电厂、炼油厂等使用煤炭或石油等化石燃料对烟气和废气进行脱硫的过程中获得的。欧盟国家逐步减少化石原料的能源生产，直至2049年完全停止，转而使用可再生能源，这对合成石膏的可得性产生了重大影响，并迫使砂浆和其他建筑产品的生产商寻找新的解决方案。常用轻质石膏砂浆中的石膏含量通常为质量的50%至60%。这项工作展示了对砂浆的测试结果，其中作者将石膏用量减少至30%，并且为了满足EN 13279-1:2008标准规定的强度要求，添加了质量分数为6%至12%的波特兰水泥。合成石膏含量如此大幅降低将减少这种原材料的消耗，从而延长其可用性并开发其他解决方案。该研究展示了在相对湿度增加的条件下，砂浆在长达180天的熟化过程中强度、密度、孔隙率、孔径分布以及微观结构变化的测试结果。结果表明，由于水化产物（如C-S-H、钙矾石和碳硫硅钙石）的形成导致微观结构致密化，孔隙率降低，机械强度提高。
