Program in Molecular Medicine, University Campus, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Viruses. 2024 Apr 30;16(5):714. doi: 10.3390/v16050714.
Transposons are integral genome constituents that can be domesticated for host functions, but they also represent a significant threat to genome stability. Transposon silencing is especially critical in the germline, which is dedicated to transmitting inherited genetic material. The small Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have a deeply conserved function in transposon silencing in the germline. piRNA biogenesis and function are particularly well understood in , but some fundamental mechanisms remain elusive and there is growing evidence that the pathway is regulated in response to genotoxic and environmental stress. Here, we review transposon regulation by piRNAs and the piRNA pathway regulation in response to stress, focusing on the female germline.
转座子是基因组的组成部分，可以被驯化来实现宿主功能，但它们也代表着基因组稳定性的重大威胁。转座子沉默在专门传递遗传物质的生殖细胞中尤为关键。小的 Piwi 相互作用 RNA（piRNA）在生殖细胞中转座子沉默中具有深度保守的功能。piRNA 的生物发生和功能在 中得到了很好的理解，但一些基本机制仍然难以捉摸，越来越多的证据表明该途径是响应遗传毒性和环境压力而被调控的。在这里，我们综述了 piRNA 对转座子的调控以及应激反应中 piRNA 通路的调控，重点关注 雌性生殖细胞。
