Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Faculdade de Ciệncias Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-011, Brazil.
Viruses. 2024 May 4;16(5):727. doi: 10.3390/v16050727.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a continuing global threat that puts half of the world's population at risk for infection. This mosquito-transmitted virus is endemic in over 100 countries. When a mosquito takes a bloodmeal, virus is deposited into the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin, infecting a variety of permissive cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, macrophages, dermal dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and mast cells. In response to infection, the skin deploys an array of defense mechanisms to inhibit viral replication and prevent dissemination. Antimicrobial peptides, pattern recognition receptors, and cytokines induce a signaling cascade to increase transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes. Paradoxically, this inflammatory environment recruits skin-resident mononuclear cells that become infected and migrate out of the skin, spreading virus throughout the host. The details of the viral-host interactions in the cutaneous microenvironment remain unclear, partly due to the limited body of research focusing on DENV in human skin. This review will summarize the functional role of human skin, the cutaneous innate immune response to DENV, the contribution of the arthropod vector, and the models used to study DENV interactions in the cutaneous environment.
登革热病毒（DENV）是一种持续存在的全球威胁，使全球一半人口面临感染风险。这种通过蚊子传播的病毒在 100 多个国家流行。当蚊子吸血时，病毒会沉积在人类皮肤的表皮和真皮层中，感染各种允许感染的细胞，包括角质形成细胞、朗格汉斯细胞、巨噬细胞、真皮树突状细胞、成纤维细胞和肥大细胞。为了应对感染，皮肤会部署一系列防御机制来抑制病毒复制并防止传播。抗菌肽、模式识别受体和细胞因子诱导信号级联反应，增加促炎和抗病毒基因的转录和翻译。矛盾的是，这种炎症环境会招募皮肤常驻单核细胞，这些细胞被感染并从皮肤中迁移出来，将病毒传播到宿主全身。皮肤微环境中病毒-宿主相互作用的细节尚不清楚，部分原因是专注于人类皮肤中 DENV 的研究有限。这篇综述将总结人类皮肤的功能作用、皮肤对 DENV 的先天免疫反应、节肢动物媒介的贡献以及用于研究皮肤环境中 DENV 相互作用的模型。
