Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 23;11:538240. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.538240. eCollection 2020.
Dengue virus infection (DENV-2) is transmitted by infected mosquitoes the skin, where many dermal and epidermal cells are potentially susceptible to infection. Most of the cells in an area of infection will establish an antiviral microenvironment to control viral replication. Although cumulative studies report permissive DENV-2 infection in dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, among other cells also infected, little information is available regarding cell-to-cell crosstalk and the effect of this on the outcome of the infection. Therefore, our study focused on understanding the contribution of fibroblast and dendritic cell crosstalk to the control or promotion of dengue. Our results suggest that dendritic cells promote an antiviral state over fibroblasts by enhancing the production of type I interferon, but not proinflammatory cytokines. Infected and non-infected fibroblasts promoted partial dendritic cell maturation, and the fibroblast-matured cells were less permissive to infection and showed enhanced type I interferon production. We also observed that the soluble mediators produced by non-infected or Poly (I:C) transfected fibroblasts induced allogenic T cell proliferation, but mediators produced by DENV-2 infected fibroblasts inhibited this phenomenon. Additionally, the effects of fibroblast soluble mediators on CD14 monocytes were analyzed to assess whether they affected the differentiation of monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC). Our data showed that mediators produced by infected fibroblasts induced variable levels of monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells, even in the presence of recombinant GM-CSF and IL-4. Cells with dendritic cell-like morphology appeared in the culture; however, flow cytometry analysis showed that the mediators did not fully downregulate CD14 nor did they upregulate CD1a. Our data revealed that fibroblast-dendritic cell crosstalk promoted an antiviral response mediated manly by type I interferons over fibroblasts. Furthermore, the maturation of dendritic cells and T cell proliferation were promoted, which was inhibited by DENV-2-induced mediators. Together, our results suggest that activation of the adaptive immune response is influenced by the crosstalk of skin resident cells and the intensity of innate immune responses established in the microenvironment of the infected skin.
登革热病毒感染(DENV-2)通过受感染的蚊子传播到皮肤,皮肤中的许多真皮和表皮细胞都有可能受到感染。感染区域的大多数细胞将建立抗病毒微环境来控制病毒复制。尽管有大量研究报告称树突状细胞、角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞等也被感染的细胞中允许 DENV-2 感染,但关于细胞间串扰及其对感染结果的影响的信息很少。因此,我们的研究重点是了解成纤维细胞和树突状细胞串扰对控制或促进登革热的贡献。我们的研究结果表明,树突状细胞通过增强 I 型干扰素的产生来促进成纤维细胞的抗病毒状态,但不促进促炎细胞因子的产生。感染和未感染的成纤维细胞促进了部分树突状细胞成熟,而成熟的成纤维细胞对感染的允许性降低,并且产生了增强的 I 型干扰素。我们还观察到,未感染或 Poly(I:C)转染的成纤维细胞产生的可溶性介质诱导同种异体 T 细胞增殖,但感染 DENV-2 的成纤维细胞产生的介质抑制了这种现象。此外,还分析了成纤维细胞可溶性介质对 CD14 单核细胞的影响,以评估它们是否影响单核细胞衍生的树突状细胞(moDC)的分化。我们的数据表明,感染的成纤维细胞产生的介质可诱导单核细胞分化为树突状细胞,即使存在重组 GM-CSF 和 IL-4 也是如此。在培养物中出现了具有树突状细胞样形态的细胞;然而,流式细胞术分析表明,这些介质没有完全下调 CD14,也没有上调 CD1a。我们的数据表明,成纤维细胞-树突状细胞串扰促进了主要由 I 型干扰素介导的抗病毒反应,而不是成纤维细胞。此外,促进了树突状细胞的成熟和 T 细胞的增殖,而 DENV-2 诱导的介质则抑制了这些反应。总之,我们的研究结果表明,皮肤固有细胞的串扰以及感染皮肤微环境中建立的固有免疫反应的强度会影响适应性免疫反应的激活。