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低可燃性纤维素基聚氨酯泡沫材料

Cellulose-Based Polyurethane Foams of Low Flammability.

作者信息

Szpiłyk Marzena, Lubczak Renata, Lubczak Jacek

机构信息

Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2024 May 19;16(10):1438. doi: 10.3390/polym16101438.

DOI:10.3390/polym16101438
PMID:38794632
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11125267/
Abstract

Decreasing oil resources creates the need to search for raw materials in the biosphere, which can be converted into polyols suitable for obtaining polyurethane foams (PUF). One such low-cost and reproducible biopolymer is cellulose. There are not many examples of cellulose-derived polyols due to the sluggish reactivity of cellulose itself. Recently, cellulose and its hydroxypropyl derivatives were applied as source materials to obtain polyols, further converted into biodegradable rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). Those PUFs were flammable. Here, we describe our efforts to modify such PUFs in order to decrease their flammability. We obtained an ester from diethylene glycol and phosphoric(III) acid and used it as a reactive flame retardant in the synthesis of polyol-containing hydroxypropyl derivative of cellulose. The cellulose-based polyol was characterized by infrared spectra (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) methods. Its properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. Melamine was also added to the foamed composition as an additive flame retardant, obtaining PUFs, which were characterized by apparent density, water uptake, dimension stability, heat conductance, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175 °C. Obtained rigid PUFs were tested for flammability by determining oxygen index, horizontal flammability test, and calorimetric analysis. Obtained rigid PUFs showed improved flammability resistance in comparison with non-modified PUFs and classic PUFs.

摘要

石油资源的减少促使人们需要在生物圈中寻找可转化为适合制备聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)的多元醇的原材料。纤维素就是这样一种低成本且可重现的生物聚合物。由于纤维素本身反应活性较低,由纤维素衍生的多元醇的例子并不多。最近,纤维素及其羟丙基衍生物被用作原料来制备多元醇,进而转化为可生物降解的硬质聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)。那些PUF是易燃的。在此,我们描述了为降低此类PUF的可燃性而进行的改性工作。我们从二甘醇和磷酸(III)制得一种酯,并将其用作反应型阻燃剂,用于合成含纤维素的羟丙基衍生物多元醇。通过红外光谱(IR)和质子核磁共振(H-NMR)方法对基于纤维素的多元醇进行了表征。测定了其密度、粘度、表面张力和羟值等性质。还向发泡组合物中添加三聚氰胺作为添加型阻燃剂,得到了PUF,并对其表观密度、吸水率、尺寸稳定性、热导率、抗压强度以及在150和175°C下的耐热性进行了表征。通过测定氧指数、水平燃烧试验和量热分析对所制得的硬质PUF进行了燃烧性能测试。与未改性的PUF和传统PUF相比,所制得的硬质PUF表现出了更好的阻燃性。

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本文引用的文献

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Effect of replacing polyol by organosolv and kraft lignin on the property and structure of rigid polyurethane foam.用有机溶剂法木质素和多元醇替代物对硬泡聚氨酯性能和结构的影响。
Biotechnol Biofuels. 2013 Jan 28;6(1):12. doi: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-12.