Lubczak Jacek
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 12;18(12):2780. doi: 10.3390/ma18122780.
Polyols derived from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have not been reported before. The hydroxyalkylation of PVA with oxiranes leads to powdered or gum-like products that are not miscible with isocyanates and therefore useless as sources of polyurethane foams. Glycidol and ethylene carbonates were used to dissolve and convert PVA into liquid polyol. The physical properties of the PVA-derived polyol, such as the density, viscosity, and surface tension, were determined. The polyol was then used to obtain rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). Foaming conditions were optimized, and the apparent density, volume water uptake, dimensional stability, heat conductance coefficient, pore size, thermal resistance, compressive strength, and glass transition temperature of the obtained PUFs were determined. The properties of the obtained PUFs were similar to those of classic rigid PUFs, but the thermal resistance of the former is better. Specifically, PVA-derived PUFs are thermally resistant at temperatures of up to 150 °C. Furthermore, they are ecologically safe; in standard soil conditions, 54.6% or 100% biodegradation of the foams in cube and powder form, respectively, was observed, as measured by BOD after 28 days of storage.
源自聚乙烯醇（PVA）的多元醇此前尚未见报道。PVA与环氧化合物的羟烷基化反应会生成粉末状或胶状产物，这些产物与异氰酸酯不互溶，因此不能用作聚氨酯泡沫的原料。缩水甘油和碳酸亚乙酯被用于溶解PVA并将其转化为液态多元醇。测定了源自PVA的多元醇的物理性质，如密度、粘度和表面张力。然后用该多元醇制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）。优化了发泡条件，并测定了所得PUF的表观密度、体积吸水率、尺寸稳定性、热传导系数、孔径、热阻、抗压强度和玻璃化转变温度。所得PUF的性能与传统硬质PUF相似，但前者的热阻更好。具体而言，源自PVA的PUF在高达150℃的温度下具有耐热性。此外，它们生态安全；在标准土壤条件下，储存28天后通过生化需氧量（BOD）测定，分别观察到立方体和粉末形式的泡沫有54.6%或100%的生物降解。
