Department of Medical Science and Biotechnology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
Nutrients. 2024 May 16;16(10):1499. doi: 10.3390/nu16101499.
Functional ability decline occurs with age. This study aims to investigate the associations between the lifestyle factors-exercising, food consumption, and smoking-and the functional ability of the activities of daily living (ADL) by gender. The data were obtained from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging, a national cohort study. The cross-sectional results demonstrated that the frequency of exercising was negatively associated with ADL in both men and women. Dairy products were positively associated with ADL in men. The longitudinal results illustrated that current and consistent exercising were negatively associated with changes in ADL scores over 4- and 8-year periods in both men and women. Seafood consumption was negatively associated with changes in the subsequent 4-year ADL scores. Past smoking was positively associated with changes in subsequent 4-year ADL scores in men, while current smoking was positively associated with changes in subsequent 8-year ADL scores in women. Therefore, consistent exercising, food consumption, and smoking were associated with ADL functional ability in elderly people, and the associations differed by gender. Elders exercising consistently had good ADL performance and maintained their ADL ability better, especially women. Seafood consumption decreased the risk of ADL decline, while smoking increased the risk of ADL decline.
功能能力随着年龄的增长而下降。本研究旨在探讨生活方式因素——锻炼、食物摄入和吸烟——与性别之间日常生活活动（ADL）功能能力的关系。数据来自台湾老龄化纵向研究，这是一项全国性队列研究。横断面研究结果表明，锻炼频率与男性和女性的 ADL 呈负相关。乳制品与男性的 ADL 呈正相关。纵向研究结果表明，目前和一贯的锻炼与男性和女性在 4 年和 8 年期间 ADL 评分的变化呈负相关。海鲜消费与随后 4 年 ADL 评分的变化呈负相关。过去吸烟与男性随后 4 年 ADL 评分的变化呈正相关，而当前吸烟与女性随后 8 年 ADL 评分的变化呈正相关。因此，持续锻炼、食物摄入和吸烟与老年人的 ADL 功能能力有关，而且这种关联因性别而异。持续锻炼的老年人 ADL 表现良好，且更好地保持了 ADL 能力，尤其是女性。海鲜消费降低了 ADL 下降的风险，而吸烟增加了 ADL 下降的风险。
