Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Jul 15;473:134621. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134621. Epub 2024 May 14.
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are widely used insecticides and have been detected in aquatic environments globally. However, little is known about NEOs contamination in the coastal environments under the terrestrial pressure of multiple planting types simultaneously. This study investigated the occurrence, spatial-seasonal variability, and ecological risks of NEOs along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula during the dry and wet seasons, where located many largest fruit, vegetable, and grain production bases in China. The concentrations of ∑NEOs in seawater were higher in wet seasons (surface: 195.46 ng/L; bottom: 14.56 ng/L) than in dry seasons (surface: 10.07 ng/L; bottom: 8.45 ng/L). During the wet seasons, NEOs peaked in the northern and eastern areas of the Shandong Peninsula, where the inland fruit planting area is located. While dry seasons had higher concentrations in Laizhou Bay, influenced by rivers from vegetable-growing areas. Grain crops, fruit, and cotton planting were major NEOs sources during wet seasons, while wheat and vegetables dominated in dry seasons. Moderate or above ecological risks appeared at 53.8% of the monitoring sites. Generally, NEOs caused high risks in the wet seasons mainly caused by Imidacloprid, and medium risk in the dry seasons caused by Clothianidin, which should be prevented and controlled in advance.
新烟碱类杀虫剂（NEOs）在全球范围内被广泛应用于防治虫害，其在水生环境中也有检出。然而，对于多种种植类型同时作用于陆地环境下的沿海地区新烟碱类杀虫剂的污染情况，我们知之甚少。本研究调查了中国最大的水果、蔬菜和粮食生产基地集中地——山东半岛沿海地区，在旱季和雨季，新烟碱类杀虫剂的污染状况、时空变化特征以及生态风险。海水样品中∑NEOs 的浓度在雨季较高（表层：195.46ng/L；底层：14.56ng/L），旱季较低（表层：10.07ng/L；底层：8.45ng/L）。在雨季，新烟碱类杀虫剂的浓度在山东半岛的北部和东部达到峰值，该地区是内陆水果种植区。而在旱季，莱州市湾的浓度更高，这是由于来自蔬菜种植区的河流影响。在雨季，粮食作物、水果和棉花种植是新烟碱类杀虫剂的主要来源，而在旱季，小麦和蔬菜则占主导地位。在 53.8%的监测点，出现了中等或以上的生态风险。总的来说，雨季新烟碱类杀虫剂造成的高风险主要是由吡虫啉引起的，而旱季造成的中风险则主要是噻虫嗪引起的，因此应提前进行预防和控制。
