Saito R, Watanabe S, Fujita A, Fujimoto A, Inokuchi I, Ogura Y
Auris Nasus Larynx. 1985;12(3):139-48. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(85)80012-2.
Temporal bones of six infants with congenital ear anomalies were examined for abnormalities of the oval window and facial nerve. These temporal bones were classified into two groups according to the degree of malformation: group A, those with atresia or absence of the oval window; and, group B, those with hypoplasia of the stapes and annular ligament. Group A, consisting of five ears, were associated with severe middle ear anomalies such as the abnormal course of the facial nerve and absence of the stapes. In group B, consisting of seven ears, the stapes were present and the facial nerve presented minor anomalies such as obtuse angulation at the first genu, central migration of the geniculate ganglion cells, ectopic muscles and a wide bony dehiscence of the facial canal around the oval window. Probable origin of the anomalies in group A could mainly be due to maldevelopment of the facial nerve during an earlier embryonal period while that of group B could have developed after the ninth week of the fetal period and are mostly localized along the second branchial arch.
对六名患有先天性耳部异常的婴儿的颞骨进行了检查，以确定卵圆窗和面神经是否存在异常。这些颞骨根据畸形程度分为两组：A组，卵圆窗闭锁或缺失的颞骨；B组，镫骨和环状韧带发育不全的颞骨。A组有五只耳朵，伴有严重的中耳异常，如面神经走行异常和镫骨缺失。B组有七只耳朵，镫骨存在，面神经有轻微异常，如第一膝部钝角、膝状神经节细胞向中央移位、异位肌肉以及卵圆窗周围面神经管的广泛骨质缺损。A组异常的可能起源主要是由于在胚胎早期面神经发育不良，而B组异常可能在胎儿期第九周之后发育，并且大多局限于第二鳃弓。
