Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Chemosphere. 2024 Jul;360:142429. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142429. Epub 2024 May 24.
Heavy metal pollution threatens human and ecological health. Heavy metals can exist in the soil for a long time and migrate to organisms along the food chain. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of a single stress on broad beans. Here, we aimed to characterize Cd and Pb bioaccumulation, at varying concentrations, in the broad bean, Vicia faba L. We also determined how the bioaccumulated metals are impacted by aphids that consume the plant. No significant difference was noted in the germination rates of broad beans at the early stage of planting (after 8 days), but eventually, the germination rates of broad beans at all time points first decreased and then increased, and the highest inhibition efficiency was observed in the T3 group (12.5 mg/L Cd + 50 mg/L Pb). Fourteen days after planting, there was no significant difference in seedling height between the T5 (50 mg/L Cd + 200 mg/L Pb) and control groups; however, that in the other groups decreased significantly and there was no dependence between stress concentration and inhibition efficiency. In addition, both Cd and Pb in the soil could be transferred to broad beans, and the concentration of Pb in the roots of broad beans was greater than that of Cd, whereas the opposite was observed in the stems and leaves. Notably, under mixed stress, aphids could significantly reduce the content of Cd in broad beans; similarly, the Pb content in the roots and stems of broad beans decreased significantly after being infested with aphids but increased significantly in the leaves. Further, the aphid infestation decreased the Pb content in the soil and the soil Cd content in the highest concentration group (T5 group) (50 mg/L Cd + 200 mg/L Pb). These results highlight the necessity of focusing on the effect of insects on heavy metal remediation in plants and provide a new perspective for reducing plant Cd toxicity.
重金属污染威胁着人类和生态健康。重金属可以在土壤中存在很长时间，并沿着食物链迁移到生物体中。然而，只有少数研究调查了单一胁迫对蚕豆的影响。在这里，我们旨在描述不同浓度下蚕豆中 Cd 和 Pb 的生物积累情况。我们还确定了食用植物的蚜虫如何影响生物积累的金属。在种植初期（8 天后），蚕豆的发芽率没有明显差异，但最终，所有时间点的蚕豆发芽率先下降后上升，T3 组（12.5mg/L Cd+50mg/L Pb）的抑制效率最高。种植 14 天后，T5 组（50mg/L Cd+200mg/L Pb）和对照组之间的幼苗高度没有显著差异；然而，其他组的幼苗高度显著下降，胁迫浓度与抑制效率之间没有依赖性。此外，土壤中的 Cd 和 Pb 均可转移到蚕豆中，且蚕豆根部的 Pb 浓度大于 Cd，而茎和叶中的情况则相反。值得注意的是，在混合胁迫下，蚜虫可显著降低蚕豆中的 Cd 含量；同样，蚜虫侵袭后，蚕豆根部和茎部的 Pb 含量显著降低，但叶片中的 Pb 含量显著增加。此外，蚜虫的侵袭降低了土壤中的 Pb 含量和最高浓度组（T5 组）（50mg/L Cd+200mg/L Pb）的土壤 Cd 含量。这些结果强调了关注昆虫对植物重金属修复影响的必要性，并为降低植物 Cd 毒性提供了新的视角。
