Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA; Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2024 Sep 1;255:110010. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110010. Epub 2024 May 24.
Free-feeding animals navigate complex nutritional landscapes in which food availability, cost, and nutritional value can vary markedly. Animals have thus developed neural mechanisms that enable the detection of nutrient restriction, and these mechanisms engage adaptive physiological and behavioral responses that limit or reverse this nutrient restriction. This review focuses specifically on dietary protein as an essential and independently defended nutrient. Adequate protein intake is required for life, and ample evidence exists to support an active defense of protein that involves behavioral changes in food intake, food preference, and food motivation, likely mediated by neural changes that increase the reward value of protein foods. Available evidence also suggests that the circulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts in the brain to coordinate these adaptive changes in food intake, making it a unique endocrine signal that drives changes in macronutrient preference in the context of protein restriction. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Food intake and feeding states".
自由喂养的动物在复杂的营养环境中导航，其中食物的可利用性、成本和营养价值可能有显著差异。因此，动物已经发展出了能够检测营养限制的神经机制，这些机制会引发适应性的生理和行为反应，从而限制或逆转这种营养限制。本篇综述特别关注了蛋白质作为一种必需且独立防御的营养物质。足够的蛋白质摄入是生命所必需的，并且有充分的证据支持对蛋白质的积极防御，这涉及到食物摄入、食物偏好和食物动机方面的行为变化，可能由增加蛋白质食物奖赏价值的神经变化介导。现有证据还表明，循环激素成纤维细胞生长因子 21（FGF21）在大脑中发挥作用，协调这些对食物摄入的适应性变化，使其成为一种独特的内分泌信号，在蛋白质限制的情况下驱动宏量营养素偏好的变化。本文是“食物摄入和摄食状态”特刊的一部分。
