Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr. Moopen's College of Pharmacy, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi PO, Wayanad, 673577, Kerala, India.
Anal Biochem. 2024 Sep;692:115579. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115579. Epub 2024 May 24.
Synthetic opioids like Tramadol are used to treat mild to moderate pain. Its ability to relieve pain is about a tenth that of morphine. Furthermore, Tramadol shares similar effects on serotonin and norepinephrine to several antidepressants known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. The present review paper discusses the recent developments in analytical methods for identifying drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and toxicological materials, such as blood, saliva, urine, and hair. In recent years, a wide variety of analytical instruments, including capillary electrophoresis, NMR, UV-visible spectroscopy, HPTLC, HPLC, LC-MS, GC, GC-MS, and electrochemical sensors, have been used for drug identification in pharmaceutical preparations and toxicological samples. The primary quantification techniques currently employed for its quantification in various matrices are highlighted in this research.
合成阿片类药物，如曲马多，用于治疗轻至中度疼痛。其止痛效果约为吗啡的十分之一。此外，曲马多与几种被称为 5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂 (SNRIs) 的抗抑郁药，如文拉法辛和度洛西汀，对 5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素有相似的作用。本综述文章讨论了近年来在鉴定药物制剂和毒理学材料（如血液、唾液、尿液和头发）中药物的分析方法方面的最新进展。近年来，已经使用了多种分析仪器，包括毛细管电泳、NMR、紫外可见光谱、HPTLC、HPLC、LC-MS、GC、GC-MS 和电化学传感器，用于鉴定药物制剂和毒理学样品中的药物。本研究重点介绍了目前用于各种基质中曲马多定量的主要定量技术。
