Li Zhipeng, You Li, Du Xiping, Yang Haoyi, Yang Liang, Zhu Yanbing, Li Lijun, Jiang Zedong, Li Qingbiao, He Ning, Lin Rui, Chen Zhen, Ni Hui
College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2025 Mar;45(2):454-472. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344578. Epub 2024 May 26.
Astaxanthin, a ketone carotenoid known for its high antioxidant activity, holds significant potential for application in nutraceuticals, aquaculture, and cosmetics. The increasing market demand necessitates a higher production of astaxanthin using . Despite extensive research efforts focused on optimizing fermentation conditions, employing mutagenesis treatments, and utilizing genetic engineering technologies to enhance astaxanthin yield in , progress in this area remains limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of rough metabolic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and preliminary strategies for enhancing astaxanthin yield. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate and essential metabolic regulation mechanism underlying astaxanthin synthesis. Specifically, the specific functions of key genes, such as , , and , need to be explored in detail. Additionally, a thorough understanding of the action mechanism of bifunctional enzymes and alternative splicing products is imperative. Lastly, the regulation of metabolic flux must be thoroughly investigated to reveal the complete pathway of astaxanthin synthesis. To obtain an in-depth mechanism and improve the yield of astaxanthin, this review proposes some frontier methods, including: omics, genome editing, protein structure-activity analysis, and synthetic biology. Moreover, it further elucidates the feasibility of new strategies using these advanced methods in various effectively combined ways to resolve these problems mentioned above. This review provides theory and method for studying the metabolic pathway of astaxanthin in and the industrial improvement of astaxanthin, and provides new insights into the flexible combined use of multiple modern advanced biotechnologies.
虾青素是一种以高抗氧化活性著称的酮类类胡萝卜素，在营养保健品、水产养殖和化妆品领域具有巨大的应用潜力。不断增长的市场需求使得有必要采用更高产量的虾青素生产方法。尽管人们进行了广泛的研究，致力于优化发酵条件、采用诱变处理以及利用基因工程技术来提高虾青素产量，但该领域的进展仍然有限。本综述全面总结了目前对虾青素粗略代谢途径、调控机制以及提高虾青素产量的初步策略的理解。然而，需要进一步研究以充分理解虾青素合成背后复杂而关键的代谢调控机制。具体而言，需要详细探究关键基因（如[具体基因名称1]、[具体基因名称2]和[具体基因名称3]）的特定功能。此外，深入了解双功能酶和可变剪接产物的作用机制至关重要。最后，必须深入研究代谢通量的调控，以揭示虾青素合成的完整途径。为了深入了解作用机制并提高虾青素产量，本综述提出了一些前沿方法，包括：组学、基因组编辑、蛋白质结构 - 活性分析和合成生物学。此外，它进一步阐明了以各种有效组合方式使用这些先进方法解决上述问题的新策略的可行性。本综述为研究[具体生物名称]中虾青素的代谢途径以及虾青素的工业改进提供了理论和方法，并为多种现代先进生物技术的灵活组合使用提供了新见解。
