Sun Jiajun, Zhang Zhaokun, Gao Le, Yang Fan
Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, No. 32, Xiqi Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, China.
Microb Cell Fact. 2025 May 6;24(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12934-025-02704-1.
Astaxanthin, a carotenoid endowed with potent antioxidant capacity, exhibits considerable application prospects in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In contrast to the chemical synthesis method, the biosynthesis of astaxanthin is undoubtedly a greener and more environmentally friendly production approach. In this review, we comprehensively review the biosynthetic pathways and multiple strategies for astaxanthin synthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma. Some biotechnology advancements for increasing the yield of astaxanthin in Phaffia rhodozyma encompass mutagenesis breeding, genetic modification, and optimizing fermentation conditions, thereby opening up new avenues for its application in functional foods and feed. Nevertheless, the yield of product synthesis is constrained by the host metabolic stoichiometry. Besides breaking the threshold of astaxanthin production and alleviating the impact of astaxanthin accumulation on cell growth, a comprehensive comprehension of multiple interconnected metabolic pathways and complex regulatory mechanisms is indispensable for significantly enhancing astaxanthin production. This review presents some prospects of integrating digital concepts into astaxanthin production to aid in overcoming current challenges.
虾青素是一种具有强大抗氧化能力的类胡萝卜素，在营养保健品、药品和化妆品领域展现出可观的应用前景。与化学合成方法相比，虾青素的生物合成无疑是一种更绿色、更环保的生产方式。在本综述中，我们全面回顾了红发夫酵母中虾青素合成的生物合成途径和多种策略。一些提高红发夫酵母中虾青素产量的生物技术进展包括诱变育种、基因改造和优化发酵条件，从而为其在功能性食品和饲料中的应用开辟了新途径。然而，产物合成的产量受到宿主代谢化学计量的限制。除了突破虾青素生产的阈值并减轻虾青素积累对细胞生长的影响外，全面理解多个相互关联的代谢途径和复杂的调控机制对于显著提高虾青素产量是必不可少的。本综述提出了将数字概念整合到虾青素生产中以帮助克服当前挑战的一些前景。
