Mishra Anjali, Bhatia Manisha, Kumar Manish, Tiwari Abhishek, Tiwari Varsha
M.M.College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala-133207, Haryana.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ferozepur Rd, SidhwanKhurd, Ludhiana-142024, Punjab.
Pharm Nanotechnol. 2024 May 23. doi: 10.2174/0122117385294591240427051402.
Keratomycosis, also termed fungal keratitis (FK), is an invasive eye condition for which there is a lack of available effective treatment due to pharmacological shortages and vital ocular obstacles. This severe corneal infection typically suppurates and eventually ulcerates, ultimately causing blindness or decreased vision. According to epidemiological studies, FK is more common in warm, humid places with an agricultural economy. The use of nanoemulsion carriers for ocular fungal infection has been promoting better treatment and patient compliance. The persistent fungal infection like FK, affecting particularly the stroma heralds complications thereby posing difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. To help treat refractory cases and improve outcomes, recently targeted drug delivery techniques and novel antifungal drugs shall be explored. A delay in diagnosis may cause corneal fungal infections to have irreversible consequences, which cannot be avoided. However, infections can develop into ocular perforation even after receiving intense care. The commonly used chemotherapy for FK is based on topical (natamycin 5% is typically first-line therapy) and systemic administration of azole drugs. To address the problems related to better treatment, various nanoemulsion carriers were discussed. Novel drug delivery systems based on nanoemulsions are a viable therapeutic option for treating keratomycosis and may be a candidate method for overcoming obstacles in the treatment of many other ocular illnesses when combined with different hydrophobic medicines. With a brief explanation of the pathogenesis, this article seeks to give readers a thorough analysis of current trends, various treatment choices, and care strategies for fungal keratitis.
角膜真菌病，也称为真菌性角膜炎（FK），是一种侵袭性眼部疾病，由于药物短缺和眼部重要结构的阻碍，目前缺乏有效的治疗方法。这种严重的角膜感染通常会化脓并最终溃疡，最终导致失明或视力下降。根据流行病学研究，真菌性角膜炎在农业经济发达的温暖潮湿地区更为常见。使用纳米乳剂载体治疗眼部真菌感染一直在促进更好的治疗效果和患者依从性。像真菌性角膜炎这样的持续性真菌感染，尤其影响角膜基质，预示着并发症的发生，从而给诊断和治疗带来困难。为了帮助治疗难治性病例并改善治疗效果，最近应探索靶向给药技术和新型抗真菌药物。诊断延迟可能会导致角膜真菌感染产生不可避免的不可逆后果。然而，即使经过精心护理，感染仍可能发展为眼球穿孔。真菌性角膜炎常用的化疗方法是局部应用（5%的那他霉素通常是一线治疗药物）和全身应用唑类药物。为了解决与更好治疗相关的问题，人们讨论了各种纳米乳剂载体。基于纳米乳剂的新型药物递送系统是治疗角膜真菌病的一种可行治疗选择，并且当与不同的疏水药物联合使用时，可能是克服许多其他眼部疾病治疗障碍的一种候选方法。本文在简要解释发病机制的基础上，旨在让读者全面分析真菌性角膜炎的当前趋势、各种治疗选择和护理策略。
