Giacosa Attilio, Barrile Gaetan Claude, Mansueto Francesca, Rondanelli Mariangela
CDI (Centro Diagnostico Italiano), Milan, Italy.
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2024 May 9;11:1379814. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379814. eCollection 2024.
Sarcopenia has been described as a muscle disease, with multiple adverse consequences on human health. Recommendations aimed at supporting awareness, prevention, early detection and treatment of this disease are needed. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and early detection of elderly sarcopenia. As far as treatment is concerned, physical activity and nutritional support are specifically evaluated. An individually tailored resistance exercise training program appears to be crucial for a positive outcome of the sarcopenia prevention and treatment. The nutritional intervention is mostly based on the supplementation with high-quality proteins (i.e., whey protein) in order to increase the intake of essential amino acids and in particular of leucine. In addition, of relevant importance appears to be the supplementation with vitamin D, with omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics. This review evaluates the results of the most qualified studies on the nutritional supplementation of sarcopenic elderly subjects and shows that promising results have been achieved in community elderly subjects, or subjects followed in rehabilitation centers and in nursing homes, with additional resistance exercise programs.
肌肉减少症被描述为一种肌肉疾病，对人类健康有多种不良影响。需要提出旨在提高对这种疾病的认识、预防、早期检测和治疗的建议。本综述重点关注老年肌肉减少症的流行病学、病理生理学和早期检测。就治疗而言，特别评估了体育活动和营养支持。个性化定制的抗阻运动训练计划对于肌肉减少症预防和治疗的积极结果似乎至关重要。营养干预主要基于补充优质蛋白质（即乳清蛋白），以增加必需氨基酸尤其是亮氨酸的摄入量。此外，补充维生素D、ω-3脂肪酸和益生菌似乎也具有重要意义。本综述评估了关于肌肉减少症老年受试者营养补充的最具权威性研究的结果，表明在社区老年受试者、康复中心和养老院接受治疗的受试者中，通过额外的抗阻运动计划已经取得了有前景的结果。
