Sun Yin, Chen Junqiang, Yuan Yanchao, Jiang Nannan, Liu Chunying, Zhang Yuxi, Mao Xiuhong, Zhang Qian, Fang Yifu, Sun Zhenyuan, Gai Shupeng
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Genetic Improvement, Yellow River delta forest ecosystem positioning research station, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 May 10;15:1380417. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1380417. eCollection 2024.
PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, which function as efflux transporters, play many crucial roles in the polar transportation of auxin within plants. In this study, the exogenous applications of auxin IAA and TIBA were found to significantly prolong and shorten the florescence of tree peony ( Andr.) flowers. This finding suggests that auxin has some regulatory influence in petal senescence and abscission. Further analysis revealed a total of 8 distributed across three chromosomes, which could be categorized into two classes based on phylogenetic and structural analysis. PsPIN1, PsPIN2a-b, and PsPIN4 were separated into the "long" PIN category, while PsPIN5, PsPIN6a-b, and PsPIN8 belonged to the "short" one. Additionally, the cis-regulatory elements of promoters were associated with plant development, phytohormones, and environmental stress. These genes displayed tissue-specific expression, and phosphorylation sites were abundant throughout the protein family. Notably, displayed distinct and elevated expression levels in roots, leaves, and flower organs. Expression patterns among the abscission zone (AZ) and adjacent areas during various flowering stages and IAA treatment indicate that likely influences the initiation of peony petal abscission. The PsPIN4 protein was observed to be co-localized on both the plasma membrane and the cell nucleus. The ectopic expression of reversed the premature flower organs abscission in the and significantly protracted florescence when introduced to Col . Our findings established a strong basis for further investigation of gene biological functions, particularly concerning intrinsic relationship between PIN-mediated auxin polar.
PIN 形成蛋白（PIN）作为外排转运蛋白，在植物生长素的极性运输中发挥着许多关键作用。在本研究中，发现外源施加生长素吲哚乙酸（IAA）和三碘苯甲酸（TIBA）可显著延长和缩短牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.）花朵的花期。这一发现表明生长素对花瓣衰老和脱落具有一定的调节作用。进一步分析发现，共有 8 个 PIN 蛋白分布在三条染色体上，根据系统发育和结构分析可分为两类。PsPIN1、PsPIN2a - b 和 PsPIN4 被归为“长”PIN 类别，而 PsPIN5、PsPIN6a - b 和 PsPIN8 属于“短”PIN 类别。此外，PIN 蛋白启动子的顺式调控元件与植物发育、植物激素和环境胁迫相关。这些基因表现出组织特异性表达，并且整个蛋白家族中磷酸化位点丰富。值得注意的是，PIN 蛋白在根、叶和花器官中表现出明显且升高了的表达水平。不同开花阶段和 IAA 处理期间，在脱落区（AZ）和相邻区域的表达模式表明，PIN 蛋白可能影响牡丹花瓣脱落的起始。观察到 PsPIN4 蛋白共定位在质膜和细胞核上。当导入拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）Col 生态型时，PsPIN4 的异位表达逆转了拟南芥过早的花器官脱落，并显著延长了花期。我们的研究结果为进一步研究 PIN 基因的生物学功能，特别是 PIN 介导的生长素极性运输之间的内在关系奠定了坚实基础。
