Zhao Daqiu, An Honglei, Tao Jun
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
Hortic Res. 2025 Apr 30;12(7):uhaf090. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhaf090. eCollection 2025 Jul.
plants are famous for their ornamental, medicinal, and oil values. Due to the popularity of seed oil and cut flowers in the market, the mechanisms underlying related traits of plants have been fascinating, and the research work on them has increased rapidly in recent years, urging a comprehensive review of their research progress. To unlock the molecular secrets of plants, we first summarize the latest advances in their genome research. More importantly, we emphasize the key genes involved in plant growth and development processes, such as bud dormancy, flowering regulation, seed oil formation, flower coloration, stem strength regulation, fragrance emission, as well as plant resistance to stress, including drought, high-temperature, low-temperature, salt, and waterlogging stresses, and biotic stress. In addition, the advances in molecular breeding technology of plants are highlighted, such as molecular marker, genetic map, localization of quantitative trait loci, tissue culture, and genetic transformation system. This review covers advances in the past decades and provides valuable insights into the perspectives for the key gene mining and molecular breeding technology of plants, which would help breed new varieties through molecular breeding technology.
植物因其观赏价值、药用价值和油用价值而闻名。由于种子油和切花在市场上很受欢迎，植物相关性状的潜在机制一直备受关注，近年来关于它们的研究工作迅速增加，这就迫切需要对其研究进展进行全面综述。为了解开植物的分子秘密，我们首先总结了它们基因组研究的最新进展。更重要的是，我们强调了参与植物生长和发育过程的关键基因，如芽休眠、开花调控、种子油形成、花色形成、茎强度调控、香气释放，以及植物对干旱、高温、低温、盐和涝渍等非生物胁迫以及生物胁迫的抗性。此外，还突出了植物分子育种技术的进展，如分子标记、遗传图谱、数量性状位点定位、组织培养和遗传转化系统。本综述涵盖了过去几十年的进展，并为植物关键基因挖掘和分子育种技术的前景提供了有价值的见解，这将有助于通过分子育种技术培育新的植物品种。
