Hemstock Emily J, Bigaran Ashley, Allgood Shantelle, Wheeler Amanda J, Dalton Marita, Williamson Grant J, Gao Caroline X, Abramson Michael J, Negishi Kazuaki, Johnston Fay H, Zosky Graeme R
Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, NHMRC CRE, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.
Environ Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 12;8(3):e309. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000309. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Chronic, low-intensity air pollution exposure has been consistently associated with increased atherosclerosis in adults. However, there was limited research regarding the implications of acute, high-intensity air pollution exposure during childhood. We aimed to determine whether there were any associations between early-life exposure to such an episode and early-life vascular function changes.
We conducted a prospective cohort study of children (<9 years old) who lived in the vicinity of the Hazelwood coal mine fire (n = 206). Vascular function was measured using noninvasive diagnostic methods including carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Exposure estimates were calculated from prognostic models and location diaries during the exposure period completed by each participant's parent. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine whether there were any associations between exposure and changes in vascular outcomes at the 3- and 7-year follow-ups and over time.
At the 7-year follow-up, each 10 μg/m increase in daily PM in utero was associated with increased PWV ( = 0.13 m/s; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.24; = 0.02). The association between in utero exposure to daily PM was not altered by adjustment for covariates, body mass index, and maternal fire stress. Each 1 µg/m increase in background PM was associated with increased PWV ( = 0.68 m/s; 95% CI = 0.10, 1.26; = 0.025), in children from the in utero exposure group. There was a trend toward smaller PWV ( = -0.17 m/s; 95% CI = -0.366, 0.02) from the 3- to 7-year follow-up clinic suggesting that the deficits observed previously in children exposed postnatally did not persist.
There was a moderate improvement in vascular stiffness of children exposed to PM from a local coal mine fire in infancy. There was a mild increase in vascular stiffness in children exposed to PM from a local coal mine fire while their mothers were pregnant.
长期低强度空气污染一直与成年人动脉粥样硬化增加有关。然而，关于儿童期急性高强度空气污染暴露的影响的研究有限。我们旨在确定早期接触此类事件与早期血管功能变化之间是否存在任何关联。
我们对居住在黑泽尔伍德煤矿火灾附近的儿童（<9岁）进行了一项前瞻性队列研究（n = 206）。使用包括颈动脉内膜中层厚度和脉搏波速度（PWV）在内的非侵入性诊断方法测量血管功能。暴露估计值是根据每个参与者的父母在暴露期间完成的预后模型和位置日记计算得出的。线性混合效应模型用于确定在3年和7年随访以及随时间推移时暴露与血管结局变化之间是否存在任何关联。
在7年随访时，宫内每日PM每增加10μg/m³与PWV增加有关（β = 0.13m/s；95%置信区间[CI] = 0.02，0.24；P = 0.02）。对协变量、体重指数和母亲火灾应激进行调整后，宫内暴露于每日PM之间的关联未改变。在宫内暴露组的儿童中，背景PM每增加1μg/m³与PWV增加有关（β = 0.68m/s；95%CI = 0.10，1.26；P = 0.025）。从3年到7年随访诊所，PWV有变小的趋势（β = -0.17m/s；95%CI = -0.366，0.02），这表明先前在出生后暴露儿童中观察到的缺陷没有持续存在。
婴儿期暴露于当地煤矿火灾产生的PM的儿童，其血管僵硬度有适度改善。母亲怀孕时暴露于当地煤矿火灾产生的PM的儿童，其血管僵硬度有轻度增加。
