W A Abd El-Ghany
Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Iran J Vet Res. 2023;24(4):301-312. doi: 10.22099/IJVR.2023.46967.6751.
In recent years, the hazardous use of antibiotic growth promotors in the poultry industry has led to the development of drug resistance and violative tissue residues. Therefore, the European Union Regulation banned application of these growth promotors, and the international authorities have searched for other natural and safe feed additive sources as substitutes for antibiotics. Chitosan has been used as a feed-additive alternative in veterinary medicine practices worldwide. Chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in the poultry production system and have proved several positive impacts. The overall performance parameters of broilers and layers have been improved following dietary treatments with chitosan. Besides, chitosan showed antimicrobial activity against many bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic diseases as well as boosting of the immune response. Modulation of the antioxidant activity and modification of some blood parameters have also been detected owing to dietary chitosan supplementations. Moreover, chitosan nanoparticles have been now applied as a vaccine delivery vehicle and a mucosal adjuvant for many important poultry bacterial and viral diseases. Therefore, this review article sheds light on the effects of chitosan and its nanoparticle forms on the production traits of broilers and layers, their antimicrobial, immuno-regulatory, and antioxidant properties, as well as their effects on the blood constituents and vaccine production.
近年来，家禽养殖业中抗生素生长促进剂的有害使用导致了耐药性的产生和违规的组织残留。因此，欧盟法规禁止使用这些生长促进剂，国际权威机构一直在寻找其他天然、安全的饲料添加剂来源来替代抗生素。壳聚糖已在全球范围内的兽医学实践中用作饲料添加剂替代品。壳聚糖和基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒已在家禽生产系统中得到广泛研究，并已证明具有多种积极影响。在用壳聚糖进行日粮处理后，肉鸡和蛋鸡的总体生产性能参数得到了改善。此外，壳聚糖对许多细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫疾病具有抗菌活性，并能增强免疫反应。由于日粮中添加了壳聚糖，还检测到其对抗氧化活性的调节和一些血液参数的改变。此外，壳聚糖纳米颗粒现已用作许多重要家禽细菌和病毒疾病的疫苗递送载体和黏膜佐剂。因此，这篇综述文章阐述了壳聚糖及其纳米颗粒形式对肉鸡和蛋鸡生产性能、抗菌、免疫调节和抗氧化特性的影响，以及它们对血液成分和疫苗生产的影响。
