Ali A, Majori G, Ceretti G, D'Andrea F, Scattolin M, Ferrarese U
University of Florida, IFAS, Central Florida Research and Education Center, Sanford 32771.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1985 Mar;1(1):63-8.
Chironomid larval densities in the saltwater lagoon of Venice, Italy, were assessed in the spring of 1984. Four organophosphates; chlorpyrifos, temephos, fenthion and fenitrothion, and three pyrethroids; cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin, were tested in the laboratory against field-collected larvae. Three industrial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) were also tested as midge larvicides. Only Chironomus salinarius occurred in the benthic samples taken from different sections of the lagoon. The densities of this species ranged from 0 to 38,976 larvae/m2. The highest mean larval density of 15,673/m2 was encountered in a section of the lagoon adjacent to Venice airport and receiving large quantities of raw sewage. The lowest mean density (less than 1 larva/m2) existed in another area of the lagoon receiving discharge from chemical industry. Cypermethrin and permethrin were 21-233X more active against the larvae than the four organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos was the most active organophosphate. Formulations of B.t.i. were economically ineffective against the larvae.
1984年春季，对意大利威尼斯咸水湖中的摇蚊幼虫密度进行了评估。在实验室中，用四种有机磷酸酯（毒死蜱、双硫磷、倍硫磷和杀螟硫磷）以及三种拟除虫菊酯（氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯）对野外采集的幼虫进行了测试。还测试了三种苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种（B.t.i.）的工业制剂作为蠓幼虫杀虫剂。在从泻湖不同区域采集的底栖样本中，仅发现了盐生摇蚊。该物种的密度范围为0至38,976只幼虫/平方米。在泻湖靠近威尼斯机场且接收大量未经处理污水的区域，遇到了最高平均幼虫密度，为15,673只/平方米。在泻湖另一个接收化工行业排放物的区域，平均密度最低（不到1只幼虫/平方米）。氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯对幼虫的活性比四种有机磷酸酯高21至233倍。毒死蜱是活性最高的有机磷酸酯。B.t.i.制剂对幼虫在经济上无效。
