Ali A, Nayar J K, Xue R D
University of Florida, IFAS, Central Florida Research and Education Center, Sanford 32771-9608, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1995 Mar;11(1):72-6.
Five organophosphates (OPs) (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl, fenthion, malathion, and temephos), 3 pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin), and 2 microbial pesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis serovar.israelensis [B.t.i.] and Bacillus sphaericus) were tested as larvicides against a Florida Aedes albopictus population colonized in the laboratory. In addition, 3 insect growth regulators (IGRS) (diflubenzuron, methoprene, and pyriproxyfen) were evaluated. All OPs, except for malathion, were highly effective as indicated by low LC90s ranging from 0.0069 ppm (chlorpyrifos) to 0.026 ppm (fenthion); the larvae were considered tolerant to malathion (LC90 = 1.043 ppm). LC90 values of pyrethroids were: 0.0175 ppm (bifenthrin), 0.0079 ppm (cypermethrin), and 0.0031 ppm (permethrin). Commercial products of B.t.i., Vectobac and Bactimos were considered economically effective against Ae. albopictus larvae but products of B. sphaericus were ineffective (LC90s > 28 ppm). The IGRs showed exceptional activity. Pyriproxyfen (LC90 = 0.000376 ppm), was 2.23 and 21.5 times more toxic than diflubenzuron and methoprene, respectively. In general, toxicity ranking of chemicals and microbials tested was: IGRs > pyrethroids > OPs > microbials.
对五种有机磷酸酯类（OPs）（毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、倍硫磷、马拉硫磷和双硫磷）、三种拟除虫菊酯类（联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯）以及两种微生物杀虫剂（苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种[B.t.i.]和球形芽孢杆菌）作为杀幼虫剂针对在实验室中培育的佛罗里达白纹伊蚊种群进行了测试。此外，还评估了三种昆虫生长调节剂（IGRs）（除虫脲、烯虫酯和吡丙醚）。除马拉硫磷外，所有OPs均具有高效性，其LC90值较低，范围从0.0069 ppm（毒死蜱）至0.026 ppm（倍硫磷）；幼虫被认为对马拉硫磷具有耐受性（LC90 = 1.043 ppm）。拟除虫菊酯类的LC90值分别为：0.0175 ppm（联苯菊酯）、0.0079 ppm（氯氰菊酯）和0.0031 ppm（氯菊酯）。B.t.i.的商业产品Vectobac和Bactimos被认为对埃及伊蚊幼虫具有经济有效性，但球形芽孢杆菌的产品无效（LC90 > 28 ppm）。IGRs表现出卓越的活性。吡丙醚（LC90 = 0.000376 ppm）的毒性分别比除虫脲和烯虫酯高2.23倍和21.5倍。总体而言，所测试的化学品和微生物的毒性排名为：IGRs > 拟除虫菊酯类 > OPs > 微生物。
