Gautam Sanjeev, Scheuring Douglas C, Koym Jeffrey W, Vales M Isabel
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 May 13;15:1364244. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1364244. eCollection 2024.
In recent years, heat stress has affected potato production more frequently, resulting in lower marketable yields and reduced tuber quality. In order to develop heat-tolerant potatoes, it is necessary to select under heat-stress conditions and consider traits affected by heat stress. The Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program has selected potatoes under high-temperature stress for several decades. Ten potato cultivars, representing heat tolerant and sensitive clones based on past performance in Texas, were included in field trials for three years at the two main locations used by the Texas Breeding Program (Dalhart and Springlake, TX) to assess if the Texas field locations are suitable for heat tolerance screening. Both locations were confirmed as appropriate for heat stress screening. However, Springlake was a more stressful location since it had significantly lower yields of marketable tubers and increased percentages of tuber defects. Planting time did not have a significant effect at the most stressful location. The same ten potato clones were included in greenhouse experiments with contrasting temperatures (normal versus heat stress). There was confirmation that heat stress conditions resulted in significantly lower marketable yields, specific gravity, dormancy, and significantly higher percentages of tuber defects; however, significant differences existed between potato clones. Under heat stress conditions, Russet Burbank had a high percent of tubers with external defects, whereas Atlantic showed the highest percentage of internal defects (mainly internal heat necrosis). Vanguard Russet produced the highest marketable yield while maintaining a low percentage of external and internal defects. Russet Burbank and Atlantic were heat-sensitive controls for external and internal tuber defects, respectively. In contrast, Vanguard Russet can be used as a reliable heat-tolerant control. Including appropriate controls in heat stress studies will help identify clones with heat tolerance.
近年来，热应激对马铃薯生产的影响愈发频繁，导致可销售产量降低和块茎品质下降。为培育耐热马铃薯，有必要在热应激条件下进行选择，并考虑受热应激影响的性状。德克萨斯农工大学马铃薯育种项目已在高温胁迫下选育马铃薯数十年。根据过去在德克萨斯州的表现，选出了十个马铃薯品种，代表耐热和敏感克隆，在德克萨斯育种项目使用的两个主要地点（德克萨斯州的达尔哈特和斯普林莱克）进行了为期三年的田间试验，以评估德克萨斯州的田间地点是否适合耐热性筛选。两个地点均被确认为适合热应激筛选。然而，斯普林莱克的压力更大，因为其可销售块茎的产量显著更低，块茎缺陷百分比增加。在压力最大的地点，种植时间没有显著影响。相同的十个马铃薯克隆被纳入了温度对比（正常与热应激）的温室试验。证实热应激条件导致可销售产量、比重、休眠显著降低，块茎缺陷百分比显著升高；然而，马铃薯克隆之间存在显著差异。在热应激条件下，褐皮伯班克有很高比例的块茎存在外部缺陷，而大西洋品种内部缺陷（主要是内部热坏死）的百分比最高。先锋褐皮品种在保持较低比例的外部和内部缺陷的同时，产生了最高的可销售产量。褐皮伯班克和大西洋品种分别是块茎外部和内部缺陷的热敏感对照。相比之下，先锋褐皮品种可作为可靠的耐热对照。在热应激研究中纳入适当的对照将有助于识别具有耐热性的克隆。
