Role of interleukin 1 in experimental pulmonary granuloma in mice.

Pulmonary granulomas were induced in immunized BALB/c mice by the intratracheal injection of antigen-coated and plain agarose beads. Prominent lesions developed within 24 hr, reached peak intensity within 3 days, and gradually declined in size thereafter. The hypersensitivity granulomas induced in sensitized mice by antigen-coated beads were much larger than the lesions induced by plain beads. Minimal inflammation was produced in unsensitized mice injected with antigen-coated or plain beads. Aqueous extracts prepared from pulmonary granuloma lesions induced in sensitized mice by antigen-coated beads contained high levels of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and migration inhibition factor (MIF) activities. The kinetics of appearance of these mediators were similar. Lower but detectable activity of both mediators was detected in extracts prepared from sensitized mice injected with plain beads. Neither interleukin 2 (IL 2) nor IL 2 neutralizing activities were detected in the extracts. The presence of IL 1 and MIF in extracts prepared from early and peak pulmonary granulomatous lesions suggests that these soluble factors are produced by cells within the lesions, and that they are involved in mediating the expression and/or maintenance of the granulomas.