National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100000, China.
Food Chem. 2024 Oct 1;454:139733. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139733. Epub 2024 May 21.
Milk phospholipids have multiple health benefits, but the deficiency of detailed phospholipid profiles in dairy products brings obstacles to intake calculation and function evaluation of dairy phospholipids. In present study, 306 phospholipid molecular species were identified and quantified among 207 milk, yogurt and cream products using a HILIC-ESI-Q-TOF MS and a HILIC-ESI-QQQ MS. The phospholipid profiles of five mammals' milk show that camel milk contains the most abundant phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin; cow, yak and goat milk have similar phospholipidomes, while buffalo milk contains abundant phosphatidylinositol. Fewer plasmalogens but more lyso-glycerolphospholipids were found in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) sterilized milk than in pasteurized milk, and higher proportions of lyso-glycerolphospholipid/total phospholipid were observed in both cream and skimmed/semi-skimmed milk than whole milk, indicating that UHT and skimming processes improve glycerolphospholipid degradation and phospholipid nutrition loss. Meanwhile, more diacyl-glycerolphospholipids and less of their degradation products make yogurt a better phospholipid resource than whole milk.
牛奶磷脂具有多种健康益处,但乳制品中磷脂谱细节的缺乏给乳制品磷脂的摄入计算和功能评估带来了障碍。在本研究中,使用亲水作用色谱-电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HILIC-ESI-Q-TOF MS)和亲水作用色谱-电喷雾-三重四极杆串联质谱(HILIC-ESI-QQQ MS)在 207 种牛奶、酸奶和奶油产品中鉴定和定量了 306 种磷脂分子种类。五种哺乳动物乳的磷脂谱表明,骆驼乳含有最丰富的磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸和神经鞘磷脂;牛乳、牦牛乳和山羊乳具有相似的磷脂组,而水牛乳含有丰富的磷脂酰肌醇。超高温(UHT)灭菌乳中的脑苷脂较少,但溶血甘油磷脂较多,奶油和脱脂/半脱脂乳中的溶血甘油磷脂/总磷脂比例高于全脂乳,表明 UHT 和脱脂过程会促进甘油磷脂的降解和磷脂营养的流失。同时,酸奶中更多的二酰基甘油磷脂和较少的降解产物使其成为比全脂乳更好的磷脂资源。