Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Breastfeed Med. 2024 Aug;19(8):629-637. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0104. Epub 2024 May 29.
The objective of the study was to estimate associations between early-life human milk feeding and ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake at two timepoints during toddlerhood among children born at <35 weeks' gestation. Children were enrolled in the Omega Tots trial (2012-2017, Ohio) at 10-17 months' corrected age after having discontinued human milk and formula feeding. Caregivers reported children's human milk feeding history at baseline and past month diet through a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (180 days later). We used the NOVA classification system to estimate UPF intake. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations between human milk feeding (ever and duration) and UPF intake at baseline and follow-up using linear and logistic regression. Nearly 89% ( = 295) of 333 toddlers had received human milk but only 4.2% ( = 14) were fed exclusively human milk to 6 months of age. UPFs represented 37.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 13.2)% and 43.4 (SD = 11.3)% of total calories at the two timepoints. Human milk feeding (exclusive or otherwise) was unassociated with UPF intake in toddlerhood (e.g., months of exclusive human milk feeding with the number of daily servings of UPFs at follow-up: β = -0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.26, 0.08). In this sample of toddlers born preterm, any exposure to as well as the duration of human milk feeding was unassociated with UPF intake during the second year of life. These results require replication in larger samples given the small number of children in some human milk feeding categories.
这项研究的目的是估计在 <35 周龄出生的儿童生命早期人乳喂养与幼儿期两个时间点超加工食品（UPF）摄入之间的关联。在停止人乳和配方奶喂养后，10-17 个月的校正年龄时，儿童被纳入 Omega Tots 试验（2012-2017 年，俄亥俄州）。在基线和随访（180 天后）时，照顾者通过食物频率问卷报告儿童的人乳喂养史和过去一个月的饮食。我们使用 NOVA 分类系统来估计 UPF 的摄入量。我们使用线性和逻辑回归估计人乳喂养（曾经和持续时间）与基线和随访时 UPF 摄入量之间的协变量调整关联。333 名幼儿中近 89%（=295）接受过人乳，但只有 4.2%（=14）在 6 个月龄时完全人乳喂养。在两个时间点，UPF 分别占总卡路里的 37.7%（标准差 [SD] = 13.2%）和 43.4%（SD = 11.3%）。在幼儿期，人乳喂养（完全或不完全）与人乳喂养与 UPF 摄入量之间没有关联（例如，在随访时，完全人乳喂养的月数与人乳喂养的 UPF 日摄入量：β= -0.09，95%置信区间 [CI]：-0.26，0.08）。在这个早产儿样本中，任何人乳喂养的暴露以及人乳喂养的持续时间与人乳喂养第二年的 UPF 摄入量均无关联。鉴于某些人乳喂养类别中的儿童数量较少，这些结果需要在更大的样本中进行复制。
