Rodrigues Carina, Teixeira Raquel, Fonseca Maria João, Zeitlin Jennifer, Barros Henrique
EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 May;32(3):237-246. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12457. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast milk feeding until 6 months and continuing up to 2 years of age; little is known about whether very preterm infants are fed in accordance with these recommendations. We aimed to describe the prevalence and duration of breast milk feeding in very preterm children and to systematically review internationally published data.
We evaluated breast milk feeding initiation and duration in very preterm children born in 2 Portuguese regions (2011-2012) enrolled in the EPICE cohort and followed-up to the age of 3 (n = 466). We searched PubMed from inception to January 2017 to identify original studies reporting the prevalence and/or duration of breast milk feeding in very preterm children.
91.0% of children received some breast milk feeding and 65.3% were exclusively breast fed with a median duration of 2 months for exclusive and 3 months for any breast milk; only 9.9% received exclusive breast milk for at least 6 months, 10.2% received any breast milk for 12 months or more, and 2.0% for up to 24 months. The literature review identified few studies on feeding after hospital discharge (n = 9); these also reported a low prevalence of exclusive breast milk feeding at 6 months (1.0% to 27.0%) and of any breast milk at 12 months (8.0% to 12.0%).
The duration of breast milk feeding among Portuguese very preterm infants was shorter than recommended. However, this appears to be common globally. Research is needed to inform strategies to promote continued breast milk feeding.
世界卫生组织建议纯母乳喂养至6个月，并持续至2岁；对于极早产儿是否按照这些建议喂养，人们知之甚少。我们旨在描述极早产儿母乳喂养的普及率和持续时间，并系统回顾国际上发表的数据。
我们评估了纳入EPICE队列研究的葡萄牙两个地区（2011 - 2012年）出生的极早产儿母乳喂养的开始情况和持续时间，并随访至3岁（n = 466）。我们检索了自数据库建立至2017年1月的PubMed，以识别报告极早产儿母乳喂养普及率和/或持续时间的原始研究。
91.0%的儿童接受了某种母乳喂养，65.3%为纯母乳喂养，纯母乳喂养的中位持续时间为2个月，任何形式母乳喂养的中位持续时间为3个月；只有9.9%的儿童纯母乳喂养至少6个月，10.2%的儿童任何形式母乳喂养持续12个月或更长时间，2.0%的儿童持续24个月。文献综述发现关于出院后喂养的研究很少（n = 9）；这些研究也报告了6个月时纯母乳喂养的普及率较低（1.0%至27.0%），12个月时任何形式母乳喂养的普及率较低（8.0%至12.0%）。
葡萄牙极早产儿母乳喂养的持续时间短于建议时间。然而，这在全球似乎很常见。需要开展研究以指导促进持续母乳喂养的策略。
