The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel.
Pest Manag Sci. 2024 Sep;80(9):4757-4769. doi: 10.1002/ps.8192. Epub 2024 May 29.
This study investigates factors contributing Amaranthus albus control failure in processing tomato fields in northern Israel. The study region is characterized by a significant climate gradient from east to west, providing the opportunity to investigate the effect of critical elements of the agricultural environment, e.g., temperature. Eight populations were collected from commercial fields in this region. Post-emergence herbicide efficacy of metribuzin, a photosystem II inhibitor, and rimsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, was assessed through dose-response analyses at various growth stages. Temperature effects on control efficacy and resistance mechanisms were also explored.
Standard metribuzin dose (X) was ineffective on A. albus plants with more than six true-leaves, whereas 2X dose proved effective. Rimsulfuron at 16X dose was ineffective on plants with more than four true-leaves. We report here the first case of target site resistance to ALS inhibitors in A. albus, due to point mutation in the ALS gene (Pro197 to Leu). Furthermore, our findings suggest potential involvement of CYT P450 enzymes in enhanced metabolizing of rimsulfuron. An overall decrease in dry weight was observed in response to both herbicides at 16/22 °C (P < 0.0001). Rimsulfuron was effective against only one population when applied at 28/34 °C. A possible fitness cost associated with target site-resistant biotypes was observed under low temperature conditions, leading to effective control.
This regional-scale study highlights the challenges faced by growers, emphasizes the need for adapting management practices to the local climatic conditions and lays the groundwork for implementing location-specific weed management strategies in commercial fields. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
本研究调查了导致以色列北部加工番茄田苋菜防治失败的因素。研究区域的气候从东向西呈显著梯度变化，为研究农业环境的关键因素（如温度）的影响提供了机会。从该地区的商业田收集了 8 个种群。通过在不同生长阶段的剂量-反应分析，评估了二苯醚类除草剂唑嘧磺草胺（一种光合作用系统 II 抑制剂）和嘧啶肟草醚（ALS 抑制剂）的苗后除草效果。还探讨了温度对防治效果和抗药性机制的影响。
标准唑嘧磺草胺剂量（X）对具有六个以上真叶的苋菜植物无效，而 2X 剂量有效。嘧啶肟草醚 16X 剂量对具有四个以上真叶的植物无效。我们在这里首次报告了苋菜对 ALS 抑制剂的靶标抗性，这是由于 ALS 基因（Pro197 突变为 Leu）的点突变所致。此外，我们的研究结果表明，CYP450 酶可能参与了嘧啶肟草醚的增强代谢。在 16/22°C 时，两种除草剂均导致干重总体下降（P<0.0001）。在 28/34°C 时，嘧啶肟草醚仅对一个种群有效。在低温条件下，观察到靶标抗性生物型可能存在适应成本，从而实现有效防治。
这项区域性研究强调了种植者面临的挑战，强调需要根据当地气候条件调整管理实践，并为在商业田实施特定地点的杂草管理策略奠定基础。2024 年，作者。害虫管理科学由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
