Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2024 Sep;82(3):1629-1650. doi: 10.1007/s12013-024-01322-9. Epub 2024 May 29.
In the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic factors like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an equal role in genetics. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are members of the ncRNA family, in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well-documented and has important implications for both normal and abnormal biological processes, such as angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to synthesize previous research on miR-449a by analyzing published results from various databases, as there have been a number of investigations on miR-449's potential involvement in the development of human disorders. Based on our findings, miR-449 is strongly dysregulated in a wide range of diseases, from various cancers to cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, and respiratory diseases, and it may play a pivotal role in the development of these problems. In addition, miR-449a functions as a crucial regulator of the expression of several well-known genes, including E2F-3, BCL2, NOTCH1, and SOX4. This, in turn, modulates various pathways and processes related to cancer, including Notch, PI3K, and TGF-β, and contributes to the improvement of cancer drug sensitivity. Curiously, abnormalities in the expression of this miRNA may serve as diagnostic or prognostic indicators for distinguishing between healthy people and patients or to evaluate the survival rates for specific disorders. This article provides a synopsis of the current understanding of miR-449a's role in human disease development through its regulation of gene expression and the biological processes related to these genes and their linked processes. In addition, we have covered the topic of miR-449a's potential as a clinical feature (diagnosis and prognosis) indicator for a range of disorders, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. In general, our goal was to gain a thorough comprehension of the numerous functions of miR-449a in different disorders.
在基因表达调控中，表观遗传因子（如非编码 RNA（ncRNA））在遗传学中发挥着同等重要的作用。miRNAs（miRNA）作为 ncRNA 家族的成员，在转录后基因调控中起着重要作用，对正常和异常的生物学过程都有重要影响，如血管生成、增殖、存活和凋亡。本研究的目的是通过分析来自不同数据库的已发表结果来综合 miRNA-449a 的先前研究，因为已经有许多研究探讨了 miR-449 参与人类疾病发展的潜在可能性。根据我们的研究结果，miR-449 在从各种癌症到心血管疾病、认知障碍和呼吸道疾病等广泛的疾病中都出现了严重失调，并且它可能在这些问题的发展中发挥关键作用。此外，miR-449a 作为多个知名基因（包括 E2F-3、BCL2、NOTCH1 和 SOX4）表达的关键调节剂发挥作用。这反过来又调节了与癌症相关的各种途径和过程，包括 Notch、PI3K 和 TGF-β，有助于提高癌症药物的敏感性。奇怪的是，这种 miRNA 表达的异常可能作为区分健康人和患者的诊断或预后指标，或用于评估特定疾病的生存率。本文通过调控基因表达及其与这些基因相关的生物学过程及其相关过程，概述了 miR-449a 在人类疾病发展中的作用。此外，我们还涵盖了 miR-449a 作为多种疾病（包括肿瘤和非肿瘤）的临床特征（诊断和预后）指标的潜在可能性。总的来说，我们的目标是全面了解 miR-449a 在不同疾病中的众多功能。
