Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2024 May 29;19(5):e0304379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304379. eCollection 2024.
To determine whether a bidirectional causal relationship exists between major depressive disorder (MDD) and heart failure (HF).
Our two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study consisted of two parts. In the first part, we conducted a forward MR analysis where MDD was considered as the exposure and HF as the outcome. In the second part, a reverse MR analysis was performed, treating HF as the exposure and MDD as the outcome. Summary data on MDD and HF were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS database.
Based on the results of the MR-Egger regression intercept test, there was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy in this study. Furthermore, the IVW results consistently suggested estimates of causal effect values. The findings revealed that individuals with MDD had a 16.9% increased risk of HF compared to those without MDD (OR = 1.169, 95%CI: 1.044-1.308, P = 0.007). However, there was no evidence to support that HF would increase the risk of MDD (OR = 1.012, 95%CI: 0.932-1.099, P = 0.773). Heterogeneity in SNPs of MDD and HF was observed through the heterogeneity test and funnel plot. Additionally, the leave-one-out method did not identify any instances where a single SNP was biased toward or dependent on causation.
Our study provides evidence supporting a one-way causal relationship between MDD and HF. Specifically, MDD increases the risk of developing HF. However, our findings did not provide any evidence suggesting that HF increases the risk of developing MDD.
确定重度抑郁症（MDD）和心力衰竭（HF）之间是否存在双向因果关系。
我们的两样本双向孟德尔随机化（MR）研究包括两部分。在第一部分中，我们进行了正向 MR 分析，将 MDD 视为暴露因素，HF 视为结局。在第二部分中，进行了反向 MR 分析，将 HF 视为暴露因素，MDD 视为结局。MDD 和 HF 的汇总数据来自 IEU Open GWAS 数据库。
基于 MR-Egger 回归截距检验的结果，本研究中没有证据表明存在水平多效性。此外，IVW 结果一致表明因果效应值的估计。研究结果表明，与无 MDD 的个体相比，患有 MDD 的个体患 HF 的风险增加了 16.9%（OR = 1.169，95%CI：1.044-1.308，P = 0.007）。然而，没有证据支持 HF 会增加 MDD 的风险（OR = 1.012，95%CI：0.932-1.099，P = 0.773）。通过异质性检验和漏斗图观察到 MDD 和 HF 的 SNP 存在异质性。此外，逐一剔除法并未发现任何单个 SNP 存在偏向或依赖因果关系的情况。
我们的研究提供了支持 MDD 和 HF 之间存在单向因果关系的证据。具体来说，MDD 增加了患 HF 的风险。然而，我们的研究结果并未提供任何证据表明 HF 会增加患 MDD 的风险。
