Huang Kaisong, Si Yifan, Hu Jinlian
Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Adv Mater. 2024 Aug;36(32):e2402527. doi: 10.1002/adma.202402527. Epub 2024 Jun 7.
Spontaneous or nonspontaneous unidirectional fluid transport across multidimension can occur under specific structural designs and ambient elements for porous materials. While existing reviews have extensively summarized unidirectional fluid transport on surfaces, there is an absence of literature summarizing fluid's unidirectional transport across porous materials. This review introduces wetting phenomena observed on natural biological surfaces or porous structures. Subsequently, it offers an overview of diverse principles and potential applications in this field, emphasizing various physical and chemical structural designs (surface energy, capillary size, topographic curvature) and ambient elements (underwater, under oil, pressure, and solar energy). Applications encompass moisture-wicking fabric, sensors, skincare, fog collection, oil-water separation, electrochemistry, liquid-based gating, and solar evaporators. Additionally, significant principles and formulas from various studies are compelled to offer readers valuable references. Simultaneously, potential advantages and challenges are critically assessed in these applications and the perspectives are presented.
在特定的结构设计和多孔材料的环境因素下，自发或非自发的多维单向流体传输可能会发生。虽然现有综述广泛总结了表面上的单向流体传输，但缺乏总结流体在多孔材料中单向传输的文献。本综述介绍了在天然生物表面或多孔结构上观察到的润湿现象。随后，概述了该领域的各种原理和潜在应用，重点介绍了各种物理和化学结构设计（表面能、毛细管尺寸、地形曲率）和环境因素（水下、油下、压力和太阳能）。应用包括吸湿排汗织物、传感器、护肤品、雾气收集、油水分离、电化学、液基门控和太阳能蒸发器。此外，还引用了各种研究中的重要原理和公式，为读者提供有价值的参考。同时，对这些应用中的潜在优势和挑战进行了批判性评估，并提出了观点。
