College of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq.
College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
J Med Life. 2024 Feb;17(2):217-225. doi: 10.25122/jml-2023-0355.
Insulin is the cornerstone of treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, because of its protein structure, insulin has to be administered via injection, and many attempts have been made to create oral formulations, especially using nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic effect of insulin-loaded NPs to that of subcutaneous insulin in an in vivo rat model of diabetes. We used biodegradable D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate-emulsified, chitosan-capped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs loaded with soluble human insulin in a dose of 20 IU/kg body weight, and examined the physical characteristics of NPs in vivo and in vitro. Serum glucose levels were reduced after 6 h, but the difference was not significant compared to subcutaneous insulin; at 12 h and 24 h, insulin levels were significantly higher in rats treated with NPs than in rats treated with subcutaneous insulin. There was no significant difference in serum insulin levels at 12 h and 24 h compared to non-diabetic rats. Our findings suggest that chitosan-based NPs are able to maintain good glycemic control for up to 24 h and can be considered a potential carrier for oral insulin delivery.
胰岛素是 1 型糖尿病治疗的基石。然而，由于其蛋白质结构，胰岛素必须通过注射给药，因此人们已经尝试了许多方法来制备口服制剂，特别是使用纳米颗粒（NPs）。本研究旨在比较载胰岛素 NPs 与皮下胰岛素在糖尿病大鼠体内模型中的降血糖作用。我们使用可生物降解的 D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯乳化、壳聚糖包被的载有人可溶性胰岛素的聚（乳酸-共-乙醇酸） NPs，剂量为 20 IU/kg 体重，并在体内和体外检查 NPs 的物理特性。6 小时后血清葡萄糖水平降低，但与皮下胰岛素相比差异无统计学意义；12 小时和 24 小时时，用 NPs 治疗的大鼠的胰岛素水平明显高于用皮下胰岛素治疗的大鼠。与非糖尿病大鼠相比，12 小时和 24 小时时血清胰岛素水平无显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，壳聚糖基 NPs 能够维持长达 24 小时的良好血糖控制，可被视为口服胰岛素递送的潜在载体。
