Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Front Public Health. 2024 May 15;12:1358423. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358423. eCollection 2024.
Chronic diseases remain a significant contributor to both mortality and disability in our modern world. Physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet are recognized as significant behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases, which can be influenced by the built environment and socio-economic status (SES). This study aims to investigate the relationship between the built environment, SES, and lifestyle factors with chronic diseases.
The current study was conducted in Mashhad's Persian cohort, which included employees from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). In the study, 5,357 participants from the cohort were included. To assess the state of the built environment in Mashhad, a Geographic Information System (GIS) map was created for the city and participants in the Persian Mashhad study. Food intake and physical exercise were used to assess lifestyle. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess food intake. To assess food intake, the diet quality index was computed. To assess the link between variables, the structural model was created in accordance with the study's objectives, and partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized.
The chronic diseases were positively associated with male sex ( < 0.001), married ( < 0.001), and higher age ( < 0.001). The chronic diseases were negatively associated with larger family size ( < 0.05), higher SES ( < 0.001), and higher diet quality index (DQI) ( < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between chronic disease and physical activity.
Food intake and socioeconomic status have a direct impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases. It seems that in order to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, increasing economic access, reducing the class gap and increasing literacy and awareness should be emphasized, and in the next step, emphasis should be placed on the built environment.
在现代社会，慢性病仍是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因。身体活动不足和不健康的饮食被认为是慢性病的重要行为风险因素，而这些因素会受到建成环境和社会经济地位（SES）的影响。本研究旨在探讨建成环境、SES 和生活方式因素与慢性病之间的关系。
本研究在马什哈德的波斯队列中进行，该队列包括马什哈德医科大学（MUMS）的员工。在该研究中，纳入了来自该队列的 5357 名参与者。为了评估马什哈德的建成环境状况，为该市和波斯马什哈德研究的参与者创建了一个地理信息系统（GIS）地图。食物摄入和体育锻炼用于评估生活方式。使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估食物摄入。为了评估变量之间的关系，根据研究目的创建了结构模型，并使用偏最小二乘结构方程建模（PLS-SEM）进行了分析。
慢性病与男性（ < 0.001）、已婚（ < 0.001）和较高年龄（ < 0.001）呈正相关。慢性病与更大的家庭规模（ < 0.05）、较高的 SES（ < 0.001）和较高的饮食质量指数（DQI）（ < 0.001）呈负相关。慢性病与体力活动之间没有显著关系。
食物摄入和社会经济地位直接影响慢性病的患病率。似乎为了降低慢性病的患病率，应该强调增加经济机会、缩小贫富差距、提高文化程度和提高认识，下一步应重点关注建成环境。
