Liu Xiumei, He Surui
Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China. Corresponding author: He Surui, Email:
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2024 Apr;36(4):422-424. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20230721-00539.
Sputum suction is a necessary measure to remove respiratory secretions and collect sputum specimens, and the traditional sputum suction device includes open and closed methods. However, the open sputum suction device can easily cause sputum splashing during operation, polluting the operator and the surrounding environment. The closed sputum suction device is more expensive than the open sputum suction device. Although it can be used repeatedly, the friction between the protective sleeve and the wall of the suction tube increases after repeated uses, which in turn affects the operation. In addition, the two sputum suction methods need to be connected to a sputum collector when the sputum specimen is collected. This process can easily lead to leakage and contamination of specimens, and at the same time increase the infection risk for patients. In order to overcome the above problems, the medical staff from the department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University invented a new type of switchable semi-closed sputum suction device, and obtained the National Utility Model Patent of China (ZL 2020 2 1564712.3). The device is composed of a suction device connection port, a sliding negative pressure switch, an adapter interface, a pipe body, a transparent film protective sleeve, a clip-on connection joint, and a sputum collector. The sliding negative pressure switch at the connection port of the suction device can realize one-person one-handed operation. The sputum collector is connected with the sputum suction device to ensure that the specimen is not exposed. The transparent film protective sleeve covers the sputum suction tube body to ensure that the whole process of sputum suction operation is pollution-free. The clip-on connection joint is connected with the artificial airway interface to avoid sputum splashing during sputum suction, and it is clamped immediately after operation to reduce environmental pollution. Compared with the existing sputum suction device, the new switchable semi-closed sputum suction device has a more reasonable design and lower cost, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
吸痰是清除呼吸道分泌物和采集痰标本的必要措施，传统的吸痰装置包括开放式和封闭式两种方法。然而，开放式吸痰装置在操作过程中容易导致痰液飞溅，污染操作人员和周围环境。封闭式吸痰装置比开放式吸痰装置更昂贵。虽然它可以重复使用，但反复使用后，保护套与吸痰管壁之间的摩擦力会增加，进而影响操作。此外，这两种吸痰方法在采集痰标本时都需要连接痰标本收集器。这个过程很容易导致标本泄漏和污染，同时增加患者的感染风险。为了克服上述问题，大连医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科的医务人员发明了一种新型的可切换半封闭式吸痰装置，并获得了中国国家实用新型专利（ZL 2020 2 1564712.3）。该装置由吸痰装置连接口、滑动负压开关、转接接口、管体、透明薄膜保护套、夹式连接接头和痰标本收集器组成。吸痰装置连接口处的滑动负压开关可实现一人单手操作。痰标本收集器与吸痰装置相连，确保标本不暴露。透明薄膜保护套覆盖吸痰管体，确保吸痰操作全过程无污染。夹式连接接头与人工气道接口相连，避免吸痰时痰液飞溅，操作后立即夹紧，减少环境污染。与现有的吸痰装置相比，新型可切换半封闭式吸痰装置设计更合理，成本更低，值得临床推广。
