Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Curr Radiopharm. 2024;17(1):55-67. doi: 10.2174/0118744710258350230921065159.
Exposure to physical contamination during chemotherapy, including non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, raises concerns about the widespread sources of exposure to this type of radiation. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor that is hard to treat due to resistance to drugs such as temozolomide (TMZ).
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) and haloperidol (HLP) may have anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of TMZ, HLP, and EMF on GBM cell lines and analyzed the association between non-ionizing radiation and the risk of change in drug performance.
Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured by MTT and NBT assay, respectively. Then, the expression levels of breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), Bax, Bcl2, Nestin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes, and P53, Bax, and Bcl2 Proteins were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot.
Co-treatment of GBM cells by HLP and TMZ enhanced apoptosis in T-98G and A172 cells by increasing the expression of P53 and Bax and decreasing Bcl-2. Interestingly, exposure of GBM cells to EMF decreased apoptosis in the TMZ+HLP group.
In conclusion, EMF reduced the synergistic effect of TMZ and HLP. This hypothesis that patients who are treated for brain tumors and suffer from depression should not be exposed to EMF is proposed in the present study. There appears to be an urgent need to reconsider exposure limits for low-frequency magnetic fields, based on experimental and epidemiological research, the relationship between exposure to non-ionizing radiation and adverse human health effects.
化疗过程中会接触到物理污染物，包括非电离电磁场，这引起了人们对这种辐射广泛来源的关注。多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种侵袭性中枢神经系统肿瘤，由于对替莫唑胺（TMZ）等药物的耐药性，治疗难度很大。
电磁场（EMF）和氟哌啶醇（HLP）可能具有抗癌作用。在这项研究中，我们研究了 TMZ、HLP 和 EMF 对 GBM 细胞系的影响，并分析了非电离辐射与药物性能变化风险之间的关系。
通过 MTT 和 NBT 测定分别测量细胞活力和活性氧（ROS）的产生。然后，通过实时 PCR 和 Western blot 评估乳腺癌耐药蛋白（BCRP）、Bax、Bcl2、Nestin、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）基因和 P53、Bax 和 Bcl2 蛋白的表达水平。
HLP 和 TMZ 共同处理 GBM 细胞通过增加 P53 和 Bax 的表达并降低 Bcl-2 的表达，增强了 T-98G 和 A172 细胞的凋亡。有趣的是，GBM 细胞暴露于 EMF 降低了 TMZ+HLP 组的细胞凋亡。
总之，EMF 降低了 TMZ 和 HLP 的协同作用。本研究提出了一种假设，即患有脑瘤并患有抑郁症的患者不应暴露于 EMF 中，以减少 TMZ 和 HLP 的协同作用。根据实验和流行病学研究，需要重新考虑低频磁场的暴露限值，以应对非电离辐射暴露与人类健康不良影响之间的关系。
