Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA.
Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA.
Sci Immunol. 2024 May 31;9(95):eadl2171. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adl2171.
Tumors evade attacks from the immune system through various mechanisms. Here, we identify a component of tumor immune evasion mediated by YTH domain-containing family protein 2 (YTHDF2), a reader protein that usually destabilizes mA-modified mRNA. Loss of tumoral YTHDF2 inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival in immunocompetent tumor models. Mechanistically, tumoral YTHDF2 deficiency promotes the recruitment of macrophages via CX3CL1 and enhances mitochondrial respiration of CD8 T cells by impairing tumor glycolysis metabolism. Tumoral YTHDF2 deficiency promotes inflammatory macrophage polarization and antigen presentation in the presence of IFN-γ. In addition, IFN-γ induces autophagic degradation of tumoral YTHDF2, thereby sensitizing tumor cells to CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Last, we identified a small molecule compound that preferentially induces YTHDF2 degradation, which shows a potent antitumor effect alone but a better effect when combined with anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies. Collectively, YTHDF2 appears to be a tumor-intrinsic regulator that orchestrates immune evasion, representing a promising target for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
肿瘤通过各种机制逃避免疫系统的攻击。在这里,我们确定了 YTH 结构域家族蛋白 2 (YTHDF2) 介导的肿瘤免疫逃逸的一个组成部分,YTHDF2 是一种阅读蛋白,通常会使 mA 修饰的 mRNA 不稳定。肿瘤中 YTHDF2 的缺失抑制了免疫活性肿瘤模型中的肿瘤生长并延长了存活时间。从机制上讲,肿瘤中 YTHDF2 的缺乏通过 CX3CL1 促进巨噬细胞的募集,并通过损害肿瘤糖酵解代谢来增强 CD8 T 细胞的线粒体呼吸。在 IFN-γ 的存在下,肿瘤中 YTHDF2 的缺乏促进炎症性巨噬细胞极化和抗原呈递。此外,IFN-γ 诱导肿瘤 YTHDF2 的自噬降解,从而使肿瘤细胞对 CD8 T 细胞介导的细胞毒性敏感。最后,我们鉴定了一种优先诱导 YTHDF2 降解的小分子化合物,该化合物单独使用具有很强的抗肿瘤作用,但与抗 PD-L1 或抗 PD-1 抗体联合使用效果更好。总之,YTHDF2 似乎是一种内在调节肿瘤免疫逃逸的蛋白,代表了增强癌症免疫治疗的有前途的靶点。
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