Simada Health Center, Simada District, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia PO. Box 269.
J Diabetes Res. 2022 Feb 15;2022:1362144. doi: 10.1155/2022/1362144. eCollection 2022.
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working-aged adults worldwide, including developing countries such as Ethiopia, and the burden of diabetes-related blindness is undeniably posing a massive challenge to the health care system. Diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications are becoming more prevalent among Ethiopian diabetics. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and its predictors among diabetics in Ethiopia.
A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using 494 randomly selected diabetics aged above 18 years at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2011 through 2014 and was followed until December 2019. The preliminary and longitudinal data was abstracted into demographics, clinical, and physiological attributes using a standardized structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into the system using EpiData version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. The survival experience of the patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survivor function. The predictors of diabetic retinopathy were identified by the Cox proportional hazard model. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were computed, and variables having a value of < 0.05 in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were declared as significant predictors of diabetic retinopathy.
During the follow-up, the overall incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy was 48 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 40.0-57.0). Age in years (AHR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), fasting blood sugar level (AHR 1.02; 1.00-1.04), hypertension (AHR 2.61; 95% CI: 1.47-4.63), DM patients who had LDL > 100 mg/dl (AHR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.32-5.64), total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl (AHR 2.22; 95% CI: 1.08-4.55), and positive proteinuria (AHR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.10 -2.73) were found to be the significant predictors of diabetic retinopathy.
The overall incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy was found to be high in both type 1 and type 2 DM. Age, fasting blood sugar levels, hypertension, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, and high systolic blood pressure were all predictors of the development of diabetic retinopathy. Controlling glycemia, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, and blood pressure is critical for halting the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
糖尿病视网膜病变是全球工作年龄段成年人失明的主要原因，包括埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，糖尿病相关失明的负担无疑对医疗保健系统构成了巨大挑战。在埃塞俄比亚的糖尿病患者中，糖尿病及其微血管和大血管并发症的发病率越来越高。因此，本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚糖尿病患者中糖尿病视网膜病变的发病率及其预测因素。
这是一项在 2011 年至 2014 年期间在费莱格·希沃特综合专科医院(Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital)随机选择 494 名年龄在 18 岁以上的糖尿病患者进行的基于医院的回顾性队列研究，并随访至 2019 年 12 月。使用标准化的结构化问卷，将初步和纵向数据抽象为人口统计学、临床和生理特征。使用 EpiData 版本 4.2 输入收集的数据，并使用 STATA 版本 14.0 进行分析。使用 Kaplan-Meier 生存函数评估患者的生存情况。使用 Cox 比例风险模型确定糖尿病视网膜病变的预测因素。计算单变量和多变量 Cox 比例风险模型，多变量 Cox 比例风险模型中 值<0.05 的变量被宣布为糖尿病视网膜病变的显著预测因素。
在随访期间，糖尿病视网膜病变的总发病率为每 1000 人年 48 例(95%CI：40.0-57.0)。年龄(每增加 1 岁，AHR 1.02；95%CI：1.00-1.04)、空腹血糖水平(AHR 1.02；1.00-1.04)、高血压(AHR 2.61；95%CI：1.47-4.63)、LDL>100mg/dl 的糖尿病患者(AHR 2.73；95%CI：1.32-5.64)、总胆固醇>200mg/dl(AHR 2.22；95%CI：1.08-4.55)和蛋白尿阳性(AHR 1.74；95%CI：1.10-2.73)被发现是糖尿病视网膜病变的显著预测因素。
1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者的糖尿病视网膜病变总发病率均较高。年龄、空腹血糖水平、高血压、蛋白尿、血脂异常和收缩压升高均是糖尿病视网膜病变发生的预测因素。控制血糖、血脂异常、蛋白尿和血压对于阻止糖尿病视网膜病变的进展至关重要。
