National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024 May 31;18(5):e0012182. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012182. eCollection 2024 May.
To understand the epidemiological distribution characteristics of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2021, to explore the influencing factors leading to the re-emergence of the epidemic, and to provide a basis for the formulation of targeted control strategies.
Case information spanning from 2006 to 2021 in Yangquan City was collected for a retrospective case-control study conducted from June to September 2022. A 1:3 matched ratio was employed. A questionnaire was utilized to gather data on basic information, demographic characteristics, awareness of MT-ZVL knowledge, residence, and dog breeding and living habits. The study employed a multifactorial conditional stepwise logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors.
A total of 508 subjects was analyzed. Risk factors for MT-ZVL included the use of soil/stone/concrete as building materials (OR = 3.932), presence of nearby empty/stone stack houses (OR = 2.515), dog breeding (OR = 4.215), presence of stray dogs (OR = 2.767), and neighbor's dog breeding (OR = 1.953). Protective factors comprised knowledge of MT-ZVL (OR = 0.113) and using mosquito repellents (OR = 0.388). The findings indicate significant associations between environmental and behavioral factors and MT-ZVL incidence in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2021. These results underscore the importance of public awareness campaigns and targeted interventions aimed at reducing exposure to risk factors and promoting protective measures to mitigate the re-emergence of MT-ZVL outbreaks.
House building materials, presence of neighboring empty houses, breeding domestic dogs and distribution of stray dogs surrounding the home are risk factors for MT-ZVL. Awareness of MT-ZVL and implementation of preventive measures during outdoor activities in summer and autumn are protective and may reduce the risk of MT-ZVL.
了解 2006 年至 2021 年山西省阳泉市山区型内脏利什曼病（MT-ZVL）的流行分布特征，探讨导致疫情再次出现的影响因素，为制定有针对性的控制策略提供依据。
对 2022 年 6 月至 9 月进行的回顾性病例对照研究，收集了阳泉市 2006 年至 2021 年的病例信息。采用 1:3 匹配比。采用问卷收集基本信息、人口统计学特征、对 MT-ZVL 知识的认识、居住地、犬只饲养和生活习惯等数据。采用多因素条件逐步 logistic 回归模型分析影响因素。
共分析了 508 例患者。MT-ZVL 的危险因素包括使用土壤/石头/混凝土作为建筑材料（OR=3.932）、附近有空置/石头堆房屋（OR=2.515）、犬只饲养（OR=4.215）、有流浪犬（OR=2.767）和邻居养犬（OR=1.953）。保护因素包括对 MT-ZVL 的了解（OR=0.113）和使用驱蚊剂（OR=0.388）。结果表明，2006 年至 2021 年山西省阳泉市的环境和行为因素与 MT-ZVL 发病率之间存在显著关联。这些结果强调了开展公众意识运动和有针对性干预措施的重要性，以减少接触危险因素和促进保护措施，减轻 MT-ZVL 疫情再次爆发的风险。
房屋建筑材料、附近有空置房屋、家庭饲养犬只和周围流浪犬的分布是 MT-ZVL 的危险因素。对 MT-ZVL 的认识和在夏季和秋季户外活动时采取预防措施是保护因素，可能降低 MT-ZVL 的风险。
