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瑞士在 COVID-19 大流行期间的社会接触情况:来自 CoMix 研究的洞察。

Social contacts in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the CoMix study.

机构信息

Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.

出版信息

Epidemics. 2024 Jun;47:100771. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100771. Epub 2024 May 10.

Abstract

To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the Swiss government enacted restrictions on social contacts from 2020 to 2022. In addition, individuals changed their social contact behavior to limit the risk of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in social contact patterns of the Swiss population. As part of the CoMix study, we conducted a survey consisting of 24 survey waves from January 2021 to May 2022. We collected data on social contacts and constructed contact matrices for the age groups 0-4, 5-14, 15-29, 30-64, and 65 years and older. We estimated the change in contact numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic to a synthetic pre-pandemic contact matrix. We also investigated the association of the largest eigenvalue of the social contact and transmission matrices with the stringency of pandemic measures, the effective reproduction number (R), and vaccination uptake. During the pandemic period, 7084 responders reported an average number of 4.5 contacts (95% confidence interval, CI: 4.5-4.6) per day overall, which varied by age and survey wave. Children aged 5-14 years had the highest number of contacts with 8.5 (95% CI: 8.1-8.9) contacts on average per day and participants that were 65 years and older reported the fewest (3.4, 95% CI: 3.2-3.5) per day. Compared with the pre-pandemic baseline, we found that the 15-29 and 30-64 year olds had the largest reduction in contacts. We did not find statistically significant associations between the largest eigenvalue of the social contact and transmission matrices and the stringency of measures, R, or vaccination uptake. The number of social contacts in Switzerland fell during the COVID-19 pandemic and remained below pre-pandemic levels after contact restrictions were lifted. The collected social contact data will be critical in informing modeling studies on the transmission of respiratory infections in Switzerland and to guide pandemic preparedness efforts.

摘要

为了减缓 SARS-CoV-2 的传播,瑞士政府在 2020 年至 2022 年期间对社交接触实施了限制。此外,个人改变了他们的社交接触行为,以限制 COVID-19 的风险。在这项研究中,我们旨在调查瑞士人口社交接触模式的变化。作为 CoMix 研究的一部分,我们进行了一项调查,该调查由 2021 年 1 月至 2022 年 5 月的 24 个调查波组成。我们收集了社交接触数据,并为 0-4 岁、5-14 岁、15-29 岁、30-64 岁和 65 岁及以上年龄组构建了接触矩阵。我们根据合成的大流行前接触矩阵估计了 COVID-19 大流行期间接触人数的变化。我们还调查了社会接触和传播矩阵的最大特征值与大流行措施的严格程度、有效繁殖数 (R) 和疫苗接种率之间的关系。在大流行期间,7084 名应答者总体上报告了每天平均 4.5 次接触(95%置信区间,CI:4.5-4.6),这取决于年龄和调查波。5-14 岁的儿童每天平均有 8.5 次(95%CI:8.1-8.9)接触,而 65 岁及以上的参与者每天报告的接触次数最少(3.4,95%CI:3.2-3.5)。与大流行前基线相比,我们发现 15-29 岁和 30-64 岁的人接触次数减少最多。我们没有发现社会接触和传播矩阵的最大特征值与措施的严格程度、R 或疫苗接种率之间存在统计学上的显著关联。在接触限制解除后,瑞士的社交接触人数在 COVID-19 大流行期间下降,并保持在大流行前水平以下。收集的社交接触数据对于告知瑞士呼吸道传染病传播的建模研究以及指导大流行准备工作至关重要。

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