Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 10;23(1):1523. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16405-0.
Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination has varied across and within countries. Switzerland has had lower levels of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the general population than many other high-income countries. Understanding the socio-demographic factors associated with vaccination uptake can help to inform future vaccination strategies to increase uptake.
We conducted a longitudinal online survey in the Swiss population, consisting of six survey waves from June to September 2021. Participants provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, history of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), social contacts, willingness to be vaccinated, and vaccination status. We used a multivariable Poisson regression model to estimate the adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
We recorded 6,758 observations from 1,884 adults. For the regression analysis, we included 3,513 observations from 1,883 participants. By September 2021, 600 (75%) of 806 study participants had received at least one vaccine dose. Participants who were older, male, and students, had a higher educational level, household income, and number of social contacts, and lived in a household with a medically vulnerable person were more likely to have received at least one vaccine dose. Female participants, those who lived in rural areas and smaller households, and people who perceived COVID-19 measures as being too strict were less likely to be vaccinated. We found no significant association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccination uptake.
Our results suggest that socio-demographic factors as well as individual behaviours and attitudes played an important role in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Switzerland. Therefore, appropriate communication with the public is needed to ensure that public health interventions are accepted and implemented by the population. Tailored COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Switzerland that aim to improve uptake should target specific subgroups such as women, people from rural areas or people with lower socio-demographic status.
接种疫苗是减少 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）发病率和死亡率的有效策略。然而，COVID-19 疫苗接种在各国之间和各国国内的接种率存在差异。与许多其他高收入国家相比，瑞士一般人群的 COVID-19 疫苗接种率较低。了解与疫苗接种率相关的社会人口因素有助于为提高接种率提供未来的疫苗接种策略信息。
我们在瑞士人群中进行了一项纵向在线调查，该调查由 2021 年 6 月至 9 月的六个调查波组成。参与者提供了社会人口特征、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）检测史、社会接触、接种意愿和疫苗接种状况的信息。我们使用多变量泊松回归模型来估计 COVID-19 疫苗接种率的调整后比率（aRR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
我们从 1884 名成年人中记录了 6758 次观察结果。对于回归分析，我们从 1883 名参与者中纳入了 3513 次观察结果。到 2021 年 9 月，806 名研究参与者中有 600 名（75%）至少接种了一剂疫苗。年龄较大、男性和学生、具有较高的教育水平、家庭收入和社会接触人数，以及与有医疗需求的人同住的参与者更有可能至少接种一剂疫苗。女性参与者、居住在农村地区和较小家庭的参与者以及认为 COVID-19 措施过于严格的参与者不太可能接种疫苗。我们没有发现以前的 SARS-CoV-2 感染与疫苗接种率之间存在显著关联。
我们的结果表明，社会人口因素以及个人行为和态度在瑞士 COVID-19 疫苗接种率中发挥了重要作用。因此，需要与公众进行适当的沟通，以确保公众健康干预措施得到民众的接受和实施。瑞士应制定有针对性的 COVID-19 疫苗接种策略，以提高接种率，应针对特定群体，如女性、农村地区或社会人口地位较低的人群。
