Lavoie E J, Coleman D T, Geddie N G, Rice J E
Chem Biol Interact. 1985 Jan;52(3):301-9. doi: 10.1016/0009-2797(85)90025-0.
Several methylated analogs of fluorene were evaluated as mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of microsomal activation. Among the methylated derivatives of fluorene assayed were 9-methylfluorene, 2-fluoro- and 2,7-difluoro-9-methylfluorene, 1,9-, 2,9-, 3,9- and 4,9-dimethylfluorene, 2,3,9-trimethylfluorene and 2,7,9-trimethylfluorene. Mutagenic activity was observed for several of these fluorene derivatives in the presence of rat liver homogenate. The data support a previous observation that a single methyl substituent in the 9-position of fluorene is associated with mutagenic activity within this series of compounds. Substitution with fluorine at both the 2- and 7-positions of 9-methylfluorene was not associated with a loss of mutagenic activity as evidenced by the similar mutagenic activity of 2,7-difluoro-9-methylfluorene and 9-methylfluorene. However, 2,7,9-trimethylfluorene was not mutagenic under these assay conditions. 9-Methylfluorene, 1,9-, 2,9-, 3,9- and 4,9-dimethylfluorene and 2,3,9-trimethylfluorene were active as mutagens in the presence of rat liver homogenate, but were inactive as tumor initiators when assayed on mouse skin.
在有和没有微粒体激活的情况下，对芴的几种甲基化类似物在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100中作为诱变剂进行了评估。所检测的芴的甲基化衍生物包括9-甲基芴、2-氟-和2,7-二氟-9-甲基芴、1,9-、2,9-、3,9-和4,9-二甲基芴、2,3,9-三甲基芴和2,7,9-三甲基芴。在大鼠肝脏匀浆存在的情况下，观察到其中几种芴衍生物具有诱变活性。这些数据支持了之前的一项观察结果，即在这一系列化合物中，芴9位上的单个甲基取代基与诱变活性有关。9-甲基芴的2位和7位同时被氟取代与诱变活性的丧失无关，2,7-二氟-9-甲基芴和9-甲基芴具有相似的诱变活性就证明了这一点。然而，在这些检测条件下，2,7,9-三甲基芴没有诱变活性。9-甲基芴、1,9-、2,9-、3,9-和4,9-二甲基芴以及2,3,9-三甲基芴在大鼠肝脏匀浆存在的情况下作为诱变剂具有活性，但在小鼠皮肤上进行检测时作为肿瘤启动剂没有活性。
