Mohs 显微外科手术挑战与新技术,优化耳部皮肤恶性肿瘤的治疗。

Mohs micrographic surgery challenges and new technologies to optimize care of cutaneous malignancies of the ear.

机构信息

College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate and Veterans Affairs Hospital, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.

出版信息

Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Jun 1;316(6):320. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03127-5.

Abstract

Cutaneous malignancies affecting the ear, exacerbated by extensive ultraviolet (UV) exposure, pose intricate challenges owing to the organ's complex anatomy. This article investigates how the anatomy contributes to late-stage diagnoses and ensuing complexities in surgical interventions. Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS), acknowledged as the gold standard for treating most cutaneous malignancies of the ear, ensures superior margin control and cure rates. However, the ear's intricacy necessitates careful consideration of tissue availability and aesthetic outcomes. The manuscript explores new technologies like Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), High-Frequency, High-Resolution Ultrasound (HFHRUS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). These technologies hold the promise of enhancing diagnostic accuracy and providing real-time visualization of excised tissue, thereby improving tumor margin assessments. Dermoscopy continues to be a valuable non-invasive tool for identifying malignant lesions. Staining methods in Mohs surgery are discussed, emphasizing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as the gold standard for evaluating tumor margins. Toluidine blue is explored for potential applications in assessing basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and immunohistochemical staining is considered for detecting proteins associated with specific malignancies. As MMS and imaging technologies advance, a thorough evaluation of their practicality, cost-effectiveness, and benefits becomes essential for enhancing surgical outcomes and patient care. The potential synergy of artificial intelligence with these innovations holds promise in revolutionizing tumor detection and improving the efficacy of cutaneous malignancy treatments.

摘要

影响耳朵的皮肤恶性肿瘤,由于广泛的紫外线 (UV) 暴露而恶化,由于器官的复杂解剖结构,带来了复杂的挑战。本文研究了解剖结构如何导致晚期诊断以及随后的手术干预复杂化。Mohs 显微外科手术 (MMS) 被认为是治疗耳朵大多数皮肤恶性肿瘤的金标准,可确保更好的边缘控制和治愈率。然而,耳朵的复杂性需要仔细考虑组织可用性和美学效果。本文探讨了新的技术,如反射共焦显微镜 (RCM)、光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)、高频高分辨率超声 (HFHRUS) 和拉曼光谱 (RS)。这些技术有望提高诊断准确性,并提供切除组织的实时可视化,从而改善肿瘤边缘评估。皮肤镜仍然是识别恶性病变的有价值的非侵入性工具。讨论了 Mohs 手术中的染色方法,强调苏木精和伊红 (H&E) 是评估肿瘤边缘的金标准。探讨了甲苯胺蓝在评估基底细胞癌 (BCC) 中的潜在应用,并考虑了免疫组织化学染色来检测与特定恶性肿瘤相关的蛋白质。随着 MMS 和成像技术的进步,对其实用性、成本效益和益处进行全面评估对于提高手术效果和患者护理至关重要。人工智能与这些创新的协同作用具有革命性的肿瘤检测和改善皮肤恶性肿瘤治疗效果的潜力。

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