Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Punjab, Pakistan.
College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2024 Aug;240:113979. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113979. Epub 2024 May 22.
Atherosclerosis, the primary mechanism underlying the development of many cardiovascular illnesses, continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Platelet (PLT), which are essential for maintaining body homeostasis, have been strongly linked to the onset of atherosclerosis at various stages due to their inherent tendency to bind to atherosclerotic lesions and show an affinity for plaques. Therefore, mimicking PLT's innate adhesive features may be necessary to effectively target plaques. PLT-derived nanocarriers have emerged as a promising biomimetic targeting strategy for treating atherosclerosis due to their numerous advantages. These advantages include excellent biocompatibility, minimal macrophage phagocytosis, prolonged circulation time, targeting capability for impaired vascular sites, and suitability as carriers for anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Herein, we discuss the role of PLT in atherogenesis and propose the design of nanocarriers based on PLT-membrane coating and PLT-derived vesicles. These nanocarriers can target multiple biological elements relevant to plaque development. The review also emphasizes the current challenges and future research directions for the effective utilization of PLT-derived nanocarriers in treating atherosclerosis.
动脉粥样硬化是许多心血管疾病发展的主要机制，仍然是全球主要的死亡原因之一。血小板（PLT）对于维持身体内环境稳定至关重要，由于其固有的与动脉粥样硬化病变结合的倾向以及对斑块的亲和力，在动脉粥样硬化的各个阶段都与动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关。因此，模仿 PLT 的固有黏附特性可能是有效靶向斑块所必需的。由于具有许多优点，PLT 衍生的纳米载体已成为治疗动脉粥样硬化的有前途的仿生靶向策略。这些优点包括极好的生物相容性、最小的巨噬细胞吞噬作用、延长的循环时间、针对受损血管部位的靶向能力以及作为抗动脉粥样硬化药物载体的适用性。本文讨论了 PLT 在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用，并提出了基于 PLT 膜涂层和 PLT 衍生囊泡的纳米载体设计。这些纳米载体可以靶向与斑块发展相关的多个生物学要素。该综述还强调了有效利用 PLT 衍生的纳米载体治疗动脉粥样硬化所面临的当前挑战和未来研究方向。
