NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024 May 31;19(7):712-721. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0005. Print 2024 Jul 1.
Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), which refers to the phenomena associated with the attainment of enhanced performance in sport-specific tasks after a conditioning activity, is an important objective of warming-up practices in many sports. This is even more relevant for sprinters, as potential increases in sprinting speed will directly influence their competitive results. This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the effects of different PAPE protocols (ie, using plyometrics, strength-power exercises, and resisted/assisted sprints) on the sprinting performance (ie, sprint time or sprint speed) of competitive sprinters.
Initially, 1205 records published until last December 18 were identified, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Clarivate Web of Science. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 14 high-quality studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis.
Overall, there were no significant changes in sprint performance after implementing various types of conditioning activities (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.16 [95% CI, -0.02 to 0.33]; Z = 1.78; P = .08; I2 = 0%). In addition, when comparing prechanges and postchanges between experimental, control, and other conditions, no significant differences were found in sprint speed or time across all studies (SMD = 0.09 [95% CI, -0.10 to 0.28]; Z = 0.92; P = .36; I = 0%).
Results revealed that different types of conditioning activities may not be capable of acutely enhancing the sprint speed of competitive sprinters. This aligns with previous observations indicating that sprinting is a highly stable physical capacity, a phenomenon that is even more consistent among elite sprinters. Coaches and sport scientists should collaborate to develop more efficient PAPE protocols for these highly specialized athletes, with special attention to study design and individualization, while considering their effects on acceleration versus top speed.
后激活性能增强（PAPE）是指在进行调节活动后，在特定运动任务中获得增强的表现现象，这是许多运动中热身实践的重要目标。对于短跑运动员来说，这一点更为重要，因为潜在的短跑速度提高将直接影响他们的比赛成绩。本系统评价和荟萃分析评估了不同的 PAPE 方案（即使用增强式训练、力量训练和抗阻/助力短跑）对竞技短跑运动员短跑表现（即短跑时间或短跑速度）的影响。
最初，使用以下数据库检索截至去年 12 月 18 日发表的 1205 条记录：PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus 和 Clarivate Web of Science。在去除重复项并筛选标题和摘要后，有 14 项高质量研究符合荟萃分析的纳入标准。
总体而言，实施各种类型的调节活动后，短跑表现没有显著变化（标准化均数差 [SMD] = 0.16 [95%CI，-0.02 至 0.33]；Z = 1.78；P =.08；I2 = 0%）。此外，在比较实验、对照和其他条件下的预变化和后变化时，所有研究的短跑速度或时间均无显著差异（SMD = 0.09 [95%CI，-0.10 至 0.28]；Z = 0.92；P =.36；I = 0%）。
结果表明，不同类型的调节活动可能无法急性提高竞技短跑运动员的短跑速度。这与之前的观察结果一致，即短跑是一种高度稳定的体能，在精英短跑运动员中更为一致。教练和运动科学家应合作开发更有效的 PAPE 方案，以满足这些高度专业化运动员的需求，特别要注意研究设计和个体化，并考虑其对加速和最高速度的影响。
