Shekarabi Aryan, Qureishy Izhan, Puglisi Chloe H, Dalseth Marge, Vuong Helen E
University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA.
University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2024 Aug;80:102494. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102494. Epub 2024 Jun 1.
Animals harbor a diverse array of symbiotic micro-organisms that coexist in communities across different body sites. These microbes maintain host homeostasis and respond to environmental insults to impact host physiological processes. Trillions of indigenous microbes reside in the gastrointestinal tract and engage with the host central nervous system (microbiota-gut-brain axis) by modulating immune responses, interacting with gut intrinsic and extrinsic nervous system, and regulating neuromodulators and biochemicals. These gut microbiota to brain signaling pathways are constantly informed by each other and are hypothesized to mediate brain health across the lifespan. In this review, we will examine the crosstalk of gut microbiota to brain communications in neurological pathologies, with an emphasis on microbial metabolites and neuromodulators, and provide a discussion of recent advances that help elucidate the microbiota as a therapeutic target for treating brain and behavioral disorders.
动物体内携带着各种各样的共生微生物，它们在不同身体部位的群落中共存。这些微生物维持宿主的内环境稳定，并对环境损伤做出反应，从而影响宿主的生理过程。数万亿的本土微生物存在于胃肠道中，并通过调节免疫反应、与肠道内在和外在神经系统相互作用以及调节神经调节剂和生化物质，与宿主中枢神经系统（微生物群-肠道-脑轴）相互作用。这些从肠道微生物群到大脑的信号通路相互影响，并被认为在整个生命周期中介导大脑健康。在这篇综述中，我们将研究神经病理学中肠道微生物群与大脑通讯之间的相互作用，重点关注微生物代谢产物和神经调节剂，并讨论最近的进展，这些进展有助于阐明微生物群作为治疗脑和行为障碍的治疗靶点。
