Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, North Chicago, Illinois.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Sep;91(3):474-479. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.067. Epub 2024 May 31.
Decorative tattoos are known to contain ingredients that may elicit allergic contact dermatitis; it is less well-known if permanent makeup pigments carry the same risk.
Identify pigments used in permanent makeup inks sold in the United States and review cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments.
Using internet searches, permanent makeup inks sold in the United States were identified. Safety data sheets were used to catalog pigments used in permanent makeup. A subsequent literature search was performed to identify cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments.
A total of 974 permanent makeup inks were reviewed, and 79 unique pigments were identified. The average product contained 4 pigments. Twenty of the pigments were inorganic metals, including carbon, iron, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. Fifty-nine pigments were organic, of which most were azo, quinacridone, or anthraquinone dyes. A literature search revealed that 10 of the 79 pigments were associated with allergic contact dermatitis.
Permanent makeup primarily uses organic pigments, although some metallic pigments are still used. Physicians should also be aware that some of these pigments-both organic and inorganic-are known causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Of note, patch testing to these ingredients can be negative.
装饰性纹身中含有的成分可能引发过敏接触性皮炎；而永久性化妆颜料是否具有同样的风险则鲜为人知。
鉴定美国市场上销售的永久性化妆墨水使用的颜料，并回顾这些颜料引发过敏接触性皮炎的病例。
通过互联网搜索，确定了美国市场上销售的永久性化妆墨水。使用安全数据表对永久性化妆中使用的颜料进行分类。随后进行文献检索，以确定这些颜料引发过敏接触性皮炎的病例。
共审查了 974 种永久性化妆墨水，确定了 79 种独特的颜料。平均每种产品含有 4 种颜料。其中 20 种颜料为无机金属，包括碳、铁、铬、锰和钼。59 种颜料为有机颜料，其中大多数为偶氮、喹吖啶酮或蒽醌染料。文献检索显示，79 种颜料中有 10 种与过敏接触性皮炎有关。
永久性化妆主要使用有机颜料，但仍有一些金属颜料在使用。医生也应该注意到，这些颜料（有机和无机）中有一些是已知的过敏接触性皮炎的原因。值得注意的是，对这些成分进行斑贴试验可能呈阴性。
