Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 2021 Sep;85(3):340-353. doi: 10.1111/cod.13913. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
Tattoo inks have been reported to elicit allergic contact dermatitis.
To investigate the labels and the contents of metals and pigments in tattoo inks, considering restrictions within the European Union.
Seventy-three tattoo inks currently available on the market, either bought or donated (already used), were investigated for trace metals and pigments by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry.
Ninety-three percent of the bought tattoo inks violated European, legal requirements on labeling. Fifty percent of the tattoo inks declared at least one pigment ingredient incorrectly. Sixty-one percent of the inks contained pigments of concern, especially red inks. Iron, aluminium, titanium, and copper (most in green/blue inks) were the main metals detected in the inks. The level of metal impurities exceeded current restriction limits in only a few cases. Total chromium (0.35-139 μg/g) and nickel (0.1-41 μg/g) were found in almost all samples. The levels of iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, and arsenic were found to covary significantly.
To prevent contact allergy and toxic reactions among users it is important for tattoo ink manufacturers to follow the regulations and decrease nickel and chromium impurities.
纹身墨水已被报道会引发接触性过敏皮炎。
调查纹身墨水的标签和所含金属及颜料的情况，同时考虑到欧盟的限制。
通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间串联质谱法，对市场上现有的 73 种纹身墨水（购买或捐赠的已使用过的墨水）进行痕量金属和颜料的检测。
93%的购买的纹身墨水违反了欧盟关于标签的法律要求。50%的纹身墨水至少有一个成分的宣称是错误的。61%的墨水中含有受关注的颜料，尤其是红色墨水。铁、铝、钛和铜（主要存在于绿色/蓝色墨水中）是墨水检测到的主要金属。只有少数情况下，金属杂质的含量超过了现行的限制。几乎所有样品中都检测到总铬（0.35-139μg/g）和镍（0.1-41μg/g）。铁、铬、锰、钴、镍、锌、铅和砷的水平显著相关。
为了防止使用者出现接触性过敏和毒性反应，纹身墨水制造商必须遵守规定，减少镍和铬的杂质。
